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0. Oogenesis and the menstrual cycle
1,5. The second week of development
1. Basic mechanisms of drug actions (examples of drug effects on receptors, ion channels, enzymes, carrier systems and effects mediated by physicochemical interactions)
1. Developmental malformations of the face. Inflammatory and tumorous diseases of the oral cavity
1. Disorders of chewing, swallowing and esophagus functions – the gastro-esophageal reflux disease.
1. Esophageal diverticulum
1. From the ovulation until the implantation
1. History and objectives of public health
1. Importance of non-communicable diseases in developed countries (mortality, morbidity, trends)
1. Introduction to immunology
1. Membrane potential and action potential. Explain their ionic mechanisms. Membrane properties of CNS neurons
1. Metabolic division of labour among organs
1. Normal and postmortal pancreas
1. Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries
1. Pentose phosphate pathway
1. Pleiomorphic adenoma
1. Postmortem emphysema of the liver
1. Pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry
1. Purpose of laboratory test requests (screening, diagnosis, differential-diagnosis, validation, monitoring).
1. Role of nutrition in prevention of cardiovascular diseases
1. The basic principles of tumor biology
1. The fundamentals of X-ray imaging. X-ray equipments. Radiation protection.
1. The objectives of pathology. Autopsy and surgical pathology. Pathology as a subject
10. Aortic atherosclerosis with aneurysm
10. Bowel obstruction (ileus)
10. Development of the respiratory system. Malformations
10. Diseases of the appendix and the peritoneum
10. Epidemiology of obesity
10. Genetic disorders of hemoglobin
10. Haemosiderosis of liver
10. Health concerns of elderly. Aging societies
10. Histochemical characteristics of the different pigments. Exogenous pigments
10. Imaging of ischemic heart diseases and cardiac valve diseases.
10. Knee effusion, popliteal cysts
10. Laboratory approaches for the detection of disorders in calcium, magnesium and phosphate homeostasis
10. Pathophysiology of the lymphatic circulation
10. Pharmacokinetics: zero and first order elimination kinetics, elimination half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, maintenance dose, loading dose, oral bioavailability
10. Rapidly progressive GN with crescents
10. Regulation and disorders of lipid metabolism
10. Role of infectious diseases in tumour development
10. T-cell activation and peripheral T-cell differentiation
10. Trauma of the temporal bone (longitudinal, transverse fractures)
105. Basic principles of ecology. Human environment, human ecology.
106. Health effects of interiors, health and the built environment
107. Environmental monitoring and protection. Health effects of global environmental issues
108. Air pollutants and their health effects
109. Health effects of microbiological and chemical water pollutants, water quality testing
10A. Acute meningitis
10B. Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH)
10 – Complications of joint replacement and revision arthroplasty
11. Amino acid metabolism; the fate of the amino group
11. Anthracosis of lymph node
11. Biochemistry of blood vessels
11. Clinical biochemistry of osteoporosis. Laboratory tests to assess joint and bone disorders.
11. Describe the body fluid compartments and explain the methods used for measurement of body fluid volumes
11. Dietary supplements and functional foods
11. Diseases of the aorta. Imaging methods, the role of CT and MRI.
11. Drug formulations. Prescription writing
11. Extrafollicular and germinal centre reactions
11. Formation and derivatives of the heart tube. Partitioning of the cardiac chambers. Malformations
11. Haemochromatosis
11. Hemoglobinogenic pigments I. Causes and forms of jaundice
11. Hepatic lesions caused by circulatory disorders. Nonviral inflammatory diseases of the liver. Drug hepatopathies
11. Hyalinised glomeruli
11. Linitis plastica and Krukenberg tumor
11. Minorities: Health issues and disparities
11. Obstipation, subileus, diverticulosis. GIT motility disorders
11. Oncologic emergencies
11. Otosclerosis, tympanosclerosis
11. Risk factors of malignant diseases
11. Vasovagal syncope
110. Health effects of soil contamination. Health effects and management of wastewater, wastes and hazardous wastes
111. Risk assessment, management, and communication
112. Occupational toxicology, chemical safety
113. Occupational cancers
114. Physical hazards: health effects of low and high temperature
115. Physical hazards: disorders caused by noise and vibration and their prevention
116. Chemical hazards: Industrial and agricultural toxicology of organic compounds
117. Chemical hazards: Industrial and agricultural toxicology of inorganic compounds
118. Psychosocial and biological hazards in the workplace
119. Health effects of ionizing and non-ionizing radiations
11A. Types of epilepsy (+ epileptic seizures and PNES)
11B. Potentially reversible dementias
11 – Adult foot deformities + static disorders of the foot
12. Acute pancreatitis. Pathophysiology and consequences
12. Acute viral hepatitis (aetiology, pathomorphology, complicated forms)
12. Amyloidosis of the liver
12. B-cell affinity maturation and isotype switching
12. Chronic osteomyelitis (Garre, Brodie’s abscess)
12. Definition and classification of circulatory shock. Pathophysiology of development, phases and characteristics of microcirculation
12. Describe the major plasma proteins and the other non-electrolytic constituents of blood and explain their function in the body
12. Development of the kidney and the urinary tract. Malformations
12. Drug research and development
12. Echinococcus cysts in the liver
12. Fluid systems of the labyrinth, Meniere’s disease, toxic lesions of the inner ear
12. Food additives
12. Health issues and disparities of people living with disabilities
12. Hemoglobinogenic pigments II. Pathological forms of iron storage
12. Imaging in acute abdomen.
12. Kimmelstiel Wilson syndrome
12. Laboratory analysis of plasma proteins
12. Palliative care
12. Proteins in blood and blood clotting
12. Screening of malignant diseases
12. Systemic amyloidosis
12. Urea cycle and ammonium metabolism
120. Ergonomic factors. Health effects of inorganic and organic dusts and their prevention
121. New and emerging risks in occupational medicine. Occupational diseases of health care workers and prevention. Occupational accidents.
122. Migration and catastrophes, medical and occupational health considerations
12A. Encephalitis
12B. Primary prevention of stroke
12 – Acute injuries and degenerative diseases of the knee joint
13. Acoustic tumours, noise induced hearing losses
13. Amino acid metabolism; the fate of the carbon skeleton
13. Calcification in breast cancer (Kossa reaction)
13. Cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and empyema
13. Cholinergic agonists and cholinesterase inhibitors
13. Chronic viral hepatitis (aetiology, types), pathomorphology and differential diagnostics, detection of virus associated antigens and their significance)
13. Clear cell carcinoma of the kidney
13. Describe the intra- and extracellular ionic components and explain their physiological functions
13. Development of the female genital organs. Malformations
13. Effector functions of antibodies
13. Endogenous non-hemoglobinogenic pigments. Lipofuscin, melanin, homogentizic acid
13. Epidemiology and prevention of lung cancer
13. Evidence-based medicine and prevention
13. Food safety, food safety testing
13. Hypovolemic shock: Causes and hemodynamics
13. Imaging of the esophagus, stomach and small bowels. Methods, indications, imaging strategy.
13. Laboratory analysis of plasma enzymes
13. Macronodular (postnecrotic) cirrhosis
13. Molecular mechanisms of blood pressure regulation
13. Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis
13. Tumors of head and neck
13A. Ischias syndrome and cervicobrachialgia (symptoms, warning signs)
13B. Clinical features of multiple sclerosis
13 – Low back pain
14. Cardiogenic shock: Causes and hemodynamics
14. Chemoprevention
14. Cirrhosis and hepatic failure (+ alcoholic and fatty liver disease)
14. Complement system
14. Development of the male genital organs. Malformations
14. Disorders of intermediary metabolism in general liver cell damage
14. Disturbances of non-immunoglobulin plasma proteins
14. Dystrophic and metastatic calcification. Organ manifestations
14. Epidemiology and prevention of colorectal cancer
14. Focal nodular hyperplasia
14. Gaucher’s disease
14. History and objectives of epidemiology
14. Imaging of the colon. Inflammatory diseases of the colon. Diverticulosis. Colon tumors.
14. Lung cancer
14. Molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular damages
14. Muscarinic receptor antagonists
14. Synthesis of non-essential amino acids
14. Table of frequent bilestones
14. The structure, function and origin of erythrocytes
14. Tinnitus
14. Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis
14A. Motor neuron diseases
14B. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (+ treatment)
15. Breast Cancer
15. Causation in epidemiology: association and causation
15. Characterize the various leukocytes indicating their origins and functions
15. Cochlear implantation
15. Disorders of immunoglobulins and paraproteins
15. Distributive shock: Causes and hemodynamics
15. Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immune response
15. Enzymopathies of amino acid metabolism
15. Epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer
15. Formation of the fetal membranes and the placenta. Fetal circulation
15. Genetically modified organisms
15. Hepatocellular carcinoma
15. Imaging of the liver and the hepatobiliary system. Imaging techniques, indications, information content.
15. Jaundice
15. Neuromuscular blocking agents
15. Nodular calcified aortic stenosis
15. Normal and hypertrophic cardiac muscle
15. Pathomechanism and clinicopathological forms of stone formation
15. Sensation
15. Toxoplasma lymphadenitis
15. Tumours and tumourlike conditions of the liver
15A. Trigeminal neuralgia
15B. Neuromyelitis optica (Devic-disease)
16. Agents acting on the biosynthesis, storage, release and elimination of catecholamines
16. Assessment of acute phase proteins, diagnosis and monitoring of sepsis
16. Cancer of the oesophagus and the stomach
16. Cerebral atrophy
16. Cholelithiasis (aetiology and complications) and pathology of the extrahepatic biliary tract
16. Cirrhosis. Causes, mechanisms and consequences. Hepatic cachexia.
16. Epidemiological indicators I: indicators of disease frequency and population impact of a disease
16. Epidemiology and prevention of prostate and cervix cancer
16. Follicular lymphoma
16. General characterisation of amyloidosis. Physico-chemical, ultrastructural and histochemical nature of amyloid. Types of amyloid
16. Imaging of the pancreas and the spleen. Imaging techniques, indications, information content.
16. Interaction of environmental and genetical factors in disease development
16. Nervous system I
16. Neurulation. The structure of the neural tube. Development of the spinal cord
16. Organ manifestations of shock
16. Origin and function of blood platelets
16. Prostatic hyperplasia
16. Sleep apnoea
16. Synthesis of biologically active molecules from amino acids
16. T-helper cell mediated macrophage activation, delayed type hypersensitivity
16A. Clinical symptoms of insufficient blood supply in territory of carotid and vertebral artery (+ the anterior circulation)
16B. Differential diagnosis of short-term loss of consciousness
17. Acute and chronic pancreatitis. Tumours of the pancreas
17. Adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder with multiple liver metastases
17. Adrenergic receptor agonists
17. Benign and malignant tumours of the paranasal sinuses
17. CLL or SLL infiltration in lymph node
17. Cancer of the pancreas and the liver
17. Concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart
17. Development of the brainstem and the cerebellum
17. Epidemiological indicators II: definition and measures of relative risk and odds ratio
17. Epidemiology and prevention of liver-, pancreas- and gastric cancer
17. Genomics and epigenetics in public health. Nutrigenomics
17. Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium
17. Imaging of the urinary system. Indications, diagnostic strategy. Renal inflammatory diseases, nephrolithiasis.
17. Immunological memory, primary and secondary immune response
17. Laboratory findings in inflammatory disorders
17. Nervous system II
17. Nucleotide synthesis and degradation
17. Pathology of obesity and diabetes
17. Portal hypertension
17. The basic structure and metabolism of haemoglobin and the metabolism of iron
17. Tissue hypoxia, ischemia, reperfusion and tissue metabolism
17A. Types and etiology of unconsciousness. Coma
17B. Status epilepticus
18. Adrenergic receptor antagonists (alpha blockers and beta blockers)
18. Ascites and hepatorenal syndrome
18. Causes of atrophy; general gross morphology and microscopical characteristics. Pathomechanism of atrophy. Hypoplasia, aplasia, agenesia. Osteoporosis.
18. Colorectal cancer
18. Describe the two pathways involved in the initiation of blood coagulation
18. Development of the diencephalon and the telencephalon. Development of the commissural pathways and the fornix
18. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
18. Dilatative hypertrophy of the left ventricle of the heart
18. Epidemiology and prevention of head and neck cancers and skin cancers
18. Genes and chromosomes
18. Laboratory diagnosis of malignant hematologic disorders; complete blood count and flow cytometry
18. Molecular basics of carcinogenesis
18. Nervous system III
18. Obstruction of the nasal airway, rhinitis (forms of rhinitis, except allergic rhinitis)
18. Onco-uroradiology: Adrenal and renal masses. Masses of the urinary bladder, the prostate and the testis. Imaging techniques and strategy.
18. Pancreatic carcinoma
18. Pathogenesis of coronary insufficiency. Risk factors
18. Pulmonary oedema
18. Renal failure, uraemia. Congenital malformations and cystic diseases of the kidney
18. Standardization
18. Suppression of the immune response
18A. Migraine and other primary headaches
18B. Types of disturbances of urinary bladder innervation
19. Allergic rhinitis
19. Chronic cor pulmonale
19. Congenital torticollis (wry neck)
19. DNA replication
19. Definition, types and organ examples of hyperplasia
19. Epidemiological studies: parameters, design
19. Epidemiology and prevention of diabetes
19. Glomerulonephritis. Classification according to clinical symptoms. Histologic alterations in glomerulonephritides.
19. Hepatic coma
19. Hodgkin lymphoma
19. Imaging of the arterial system and arterial diseases. Methods of angiography. Indications and complications.
19. Laboratory diagnostic approaches in anaemias.
19. Non-melanoma skin cancer
19. Pathomechanism and consequences of acute myocardial infarction
19. Pharmacology of protein and peptide mediators, the purinergic system and nitric oxide
19. Polycystic kidney (infantile sponge kidney)
19. Primary and secondary factors of epidemic process (virulence, source of infection, means of transmission, susceptible host)
19. Systemic and local immunity
19. The placodes, the neural crest and their derivatives. Development of the peripheral nervous system
19. Thrombus and postmortem blood clot
19. pH regulation
19A. Traumatic brain injuries
19B. Herpes infection, postherpetic neuralgia
1A. The most common types of myopathies and myositis
1B. Accidental (provoked) seizures
1 – Introduction, gait cycle, symptoms in orthopaedic disorders
2. Anaemic infarct of the heart
2. Apoptosis in a reactive lymph node (follicular hyperplasia)
2. Biochemistry of digestion
2. Cardiovascular adaptation in health and disease
2. Characterisation of agonist-receptor interaction. Occupancy, affinity, dose-response curve, potency, efficacy
2. Definition of health and disease
2. Disorders of gastric filling and emptying
2. Epidemiology of ischaemic heart disease
2. Esophageal carcinoma
2. Formation of the trilaminar germ disk and the folding
2. Gluconeogenesis
2. Helicobacter pylori infection (Warthin-Starry)
2. Molecular components of the immune systems
2. Otoacoustic emissions, brainstem evoked response audiometry
2. Pathology of the salivary glands
2. Patient preparation before sampling. Proper method to carry out blood (venous, capillary) and urine collection. Type of tubes.
2. Postmortal changes. Cell injury and cell death. Causes of cell injury
2. Principles of surgical oncology
2. Role of nutrition in prevention of cancers
2. The compound action potential. Conductive properties of various nerve fibers
2. The fundamentals of CT and MRI imaging, examination methods.
20. CML-CP smear
20. Calcium channel blockers
20. DIC (fibrinthrombi in kidney) (fibrin stain)
20. DNA repair
20. Definition of hypertrophy and characteristics
20. Descriptive epidemiological studies, cross-sectional studies
20. Development of the visual system
20. Epidemiology and prevention of osteoporosis
20. Fractures of the paranasal sinuses. Fronto-basal, maxillo-facial, blow-out fractures, Le Fort fractures
20. Haemoglobinopathies: disorders of the porphyrin metabolism.
20. Hypersensitivity
20. Imaging of the venous and lymphatic system and their diseases. Deep vein thrombosis.
20. Mechanisms and consequences of chronic ischemic heart disease
20. Melanoma
20. Molecular events associated with diabetes
20. Nephrosis syndrome: minimal change, membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.
20. Nosocomial infections. Sterilization, disinfection
20. Pathophysiology of alcohol effects
20. Polycystic kidney (adult type)
20. Prostatic hyperplasia
20A. Traumatic spinal cord injuries
20B. Alzheimer disease
21. Acute and chronic rhinosinusitis
21. Central haemorrhagic necrosis
21. Cerebral apoplexy
21. Development of the acoustic and vestibular system
21. Drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
21. Ecological studies. Immigrant studies
21. Epidemiology and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
21. Gastroenterological changes in the elderly
21. Imaging of musculoskeletal trauma (bones and soft tissue). Radiologic signs of fracture healing. Terminology.
21. Immunological tolerance
21. Infectious diseases worldwide
21. Laboratory findings in the disorders of iron metabolism.
21. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Causes, sequential compensatory changes and functional consequences
21. Molecular mechanisms of glucose uptake
21. Nephritic syndrome (acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis). Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Diabetic nephropathy.
21. Oligodendroglioma
21. Pyelonephritis abscedens. Necrosis of papilla
21. RNA metabolism
21. Regulation of H+ ion concentration in the blood
21. Regulation of cerebral circulation in health and disease
21A. Meningiomas
21B. Neurological disorders related to alcoholism
22. A-B-0 blood groups. The Rh blood types
22. Blood coagulation: cellular components (platelets, endothelial cells) and their laboratory analysis.
22. Case-control studies
22. Cerebral hypoxia, ischaemia, stroke

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