18. Obstruction of the nasal airway, rhinitis (forms of rhinitis, except allergic rhinitis)
- Nasal airway obstruction
- Clinical features
- Difficulty in nasal breathing, eating, sleeping
- Nasal congestion
- Headache
- Epistaxis
- Differential diagnosis
- Acute rhinitis
- Chronic rhinitis
- Rhinosinusitis
- Deviated septum
- Septal perforation
- Adenoids (pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia)
- Turbinate hyperplasia
- Nasal polyp
- Tumours of nose, paranasal sinuses
- Foreign bodies
- Nasal decongestant abuse (= Rhinitis medicamentosa)
- Rebound nasal congestion due to nasal decongestant withdrawal
- Clinical features
- Acute rhinitis (common cold)
- Etiology
- Rhinovirus
- Coronavirus
- Influenzavirus
- Adenovirus
- Droplet infection
- Risk factors
- Cold exposure
- Clinical features
- Initial dry stage
- Malaise
- Headache
- Fever
- Catarrhal stage
- Watery, serous rhinorrhoea
- Nasal obstruction due to swelling
- (Bacterial superinfection)
- Mucopurulent rhinorrhoea
- Initial dry stage
- Treatment
- Nasal decongestants
- Steam inhalation
- Etiology
- Chronic rhinitis
- Non-specific
- Etiology
- Recurrent acute rhinitis with progressive mucosal damage
- Septal deviation
- Septal spur
- Nasal polyps
- Nasal cavity tumours
- Clinical features
- Nasal obstruction
- Mucous nasal discharge
- Hoarseness
- Treatment
- Remove offending irritant
- Surgically correct pathology
- Nasal decongestants (temporary benefit)
- Etiology
- Specific
- Tuberculosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Actinomycosis
- Syphilis
- Aspergillosis
- Non-specific