20. Epidemiology and prevention of osteoporosis

From greek.doctor
  • Epidemiology
    • 4x in women
      • Women mostly primary osteoporosis
      • Men mostly secondary osteoporosis
    • Age of onset 50 – 70
    • Asian, Hispanic, European > black
  • Etiology
    • Female
    • White
    • Old age
    • Malnutrition
      • Poor protein, calcium, vitamin D intake
    • Family history
    • Smoking
    • Alcohol
  • Diagnosis:
    • DEXA scan, which measures the bone mineral density (BMD)
    • T-score: the number of standard deviations the patient’s BMD is away from the BMD of a young female adult
      • Osteopaenia: T-score -2,5 <-> -1
      • Osteoporosis: T-score < -2.5
    • Z-score: the number of standard deviations the patient is away from a similarly aged adult
  • Prognosis
    • 30 – 50% of women will experience fracture related to osteoporosis during lifetime
  • Prevention
    • Avoid alcohol
    • Avoid smoking
    • Sufficient intake of Ca
    • Sufficient intake of vitamin D
    • Physical activity – strength training
    • Bisphosphonates