14. Epidemiology and prevention of colorectal cancer

From greek.doctor
  • Epidemiology
    • Third most common cancer worldwide
    • Second and third most common causes of cancer deaths in men and women, respectively
    • Males = females
    • Half could be prevented with correct prevention
  • Etiology
    • Majority are sporadic
    • Minority are hereditary
      • APC, K-RAS, p53
    • Familial
      • FAP
      • Peutz Jeghers syndrome
    • Risk factors
      • Red meat
      • Low dietary fibre
      • Obesity
      • Smoking
      • High energy intake
  • Protective factors
    • Calcium
    • Vitamin D
    • Fruit, vegetables
    • Physical activity
    • High fibre intake
  • Prognosis
    • 5-year survival: 65%
  • Prevention
    • Improve diet
    • Screening (recommendations)
      • Begins at age 50
      • Sigmoidoscopy
      • Colonoscopy
      • CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy)
      • Faecal occult blood test