New pages
- 09:51, 27 July 2024 Immunotherapy (hist | edit) [819 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="oncology" />'''Immunotherapy''' or '''cancer immunotherapy''' refers to using drugs which indirectly stimulate the immune system to treat cancer. * Immune checkpoint inhibitors ** Most commonly used immunotherapy ** These drugs are monoclonal antibodies and therefore also technically biological drugs ** These drugs inhibit the mechanism by which cancer cells inhibit the immune system ** Anti-PD-1 – nivolumab, pembrolizumab ** Anti-CTLA-4 – ipilim...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:48, 27 July 2024 Targeted therapy (hist | edit) [1,221 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="oncology" />'''Targeted therapy''' or '''targeted molecular therapy''' refers to using drugs which are not cytotoxic but rather specifically target certain molecules to treat cancer. Targeted therapy often prolongs survival, sometimes for years, and the patient remains on the targeted therapy during this time. * Biological therapy ** = refers to biological drugs, most commonly monoclonal antibodies ** Bevacizumab – anti-VEGF *** Inhibits vascular p...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:44, 27 July 2024 6. Basic concepts of chemotherapy (hist | edit) [66 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Chemotherapy|oncology1}} Category:Oncology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:44, 27 July 2024 Chemotherapy (hist | edit) [1,120 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "* Polychemotherapy = simultaneous use of multiple chemo drugs ** The term is not consistently used, even by me ** Recently, we have moved to preferring to use multiple chemo drugs, so the term is kind of reduntant * Mode of actions ** Induce DNA damage ** Inhibit DNA repair mechanisms ** Inhibit metabolism *** For example nucleotide synthesis ** Inhibit mitosis ** Inhibit neo-vascularization * Commonly used drugs ** Platinum-based drugs *** Cisplatin **** Very nephrotoxi...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:42, 27 July 2024 5. Treatment planning, radiation protection (hist | edit) [73 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Radiation oncology|oncology3}} Category:Oncology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:42, 27 July 2024 4. The equipment used in radiation oncology (hist | edit) [73 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Radiation oncology|oncology2}} Category:Oncology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:41, 27 July 2024 3. Radiation physics (hist | edit) [73 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Radiation oncology|oncology1}} Category:Oncology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:40, 27 July 2024 Radiation oncology (hist | edit) [8,531 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "== Radiation physics == <section begin="oncology1" /> * Types of radiation used ** Natural radiation (due to radioactive decay) *** Alpha radiation (two protons and two neutrons) *** Beta radiation (high-energy electrons) **** Electrons (beta radiation) has low penetration power, so beta radiation is only suitable for treating tumours near the skin surface ** Gamma radiation (high-energy photons) *** Photon radiation (gamma and X-ray radiation) has high penetration power...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:35, 27 July 2024 2. Principles of surgical oncology (hist | edit) [71 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Surgical oncology|oncology}} Category:Oncology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:32, 27 July 2024 1. The basic principles of tumor biology (hist | edit) [60 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Cancer|oncology}} Category:Oncology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:30, 27 July 2024 Cancer (hist | edit) [1,464 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{:Stub}} '''Cancer''' is a group of diseases characterised by abnormal and increased cell growth. Cancers are common and deadly diseases. == Cancer biology == <section end="oncology" /> * Etiological factors contributing to cancer development ** Environmental exposure *** Asbestos -> mesothelioma, RCC *** Formaldehyde -> nose and nasopharyngeal cc ** Radiation *** Those with childhood leukaemia often develop solid tumours 10 – 20 years after the radiotherapy ** Life...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:48, 21 July 2024 B18. Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (hist | edit) [86 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:47, 21 July 2024 Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (hist | edit) [949 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" /> * Mycosis fungoides ** <abbr>CD4</abbr>+ T-cell lymphoma ** Progresses slowly ** Stage I – patch stage *** Scaly, pruritic, well-demarcated patches ** Stage II – plaque stage *** Scaly, pruritic, well-demarcated plaques *** Large ** Stage III – tumor stage *** Dome-shaped purple or red nodules ** Treatment *** Topical steroids *** Topical chemo *** Phototherapy *** Biological therapy *** Systemic chemo * Sézary syndrome ** Can devel...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:45, 21 July 2024 B17. Secondary skin lesions, basics of dermatohistopathology (hist | edit) [86 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Terminology in dermatology|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:44, 21 July 2024 B16. Primary skin lesions, basics of dermatohistopathology (hist | edit) [87 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Terminology in dermatology|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:42, 21 July 2024 Terminology in dermatology (hist | edit) [2,685 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology1" />== Primary skin lesions == * Flat lesions ** Macule *** A flat skin lesion < 1 cm in size with discolouration ** Patch *** A flat skin lesion > 1 cm in size with discolouration * Infiltrative lesions ** Papule *** An elevated palpable skin lesion < 0,5 cm in size *** Epidermal ** Plaque *** An elevated palpable skin lesion > 0,5 cm in size *** Intradermal ** Tuber *** An elevated palpable skin lesion whose infiltration involves the entire...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:35, 21 July 2024 B15. Cutaneous manifestation of diabetes mellitus (hist | edit) [77 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Diabetes mellitus|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:32, 21 July 2024 B14. Types of allergic skin reactions (hist | edit) [687 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "* Type I hypersensitivity ** Skin reactions *** Angioedema *** Urticaria ** Diagnosis – prick test ** Treatment *** Antihistamines *** Epinephrine * Type II hypersensitivity ** Not important * Type III hypersensitivity – immune complex-mediated ** Cutaneous vasculitis ** Serum sickness ** Treatment *** Steroids * Type IV hypersensitivity ** Type IVa – Allergic contact dermatitis ** Type IVb – Drug-related eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) ** Type IVc –...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:28, 21 July 2024 B13. Lyme Borreliosis (hist | edit) [72 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Lyme disease|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:27, 21 July 2024 Lyme disease (hist | edit) [936 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Tick-borne * Borrelia burgdorferi * Clinical features ** Stage I – early localized Lyme disease *** Within 7 – 14 days *** Erythema migrans **** Circular, slowly-expanding red ring with central clearing around the bite site **** Target-like rash *** Flu-like symptoms ** Stage II – early disseminated Lyme disease *** Multiple erythema migrans *** Migratory arthralgia *** Early neuroborreliosis *** Lyme carditis ** Stage III – late...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:24, 21 July 2024 B12. Photodermatoses and phototherapy (hist | edit) [146 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Photodermatoses = {{#lst:Photodermatoses|dermatology}} = Phototherapy = {{#lst:Phototherapy|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:23, 21 July 2024 Phototherapy (hist | edit) [651 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Indications ** Psoriasis ** Atopic dermatitis ** Alopecia areata ** Granuloma annulare ** Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma ** Vitilligo ** Photodermatoses ** BCC ** Actinic keratosis * Mechanisms ** Thickens epidermis ** Hyperpigmentation ** Immunosuppressive effect ** Anti-tumor effect * Procedure ** Minimal erythematous dose (MED) is determined ** The dose of UV light depends on the MED * Types ** Narrow-band UVB ** Broad-band UVB ** Selective...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:21, 21 July 2024 Photodermatoses (hist | edit) [1,172 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Photodermatoses – skin diseases that develop due to light exposure * Photodermatoses of unknown origin ** Solar dermatitis = sunburn *** UVB radiation causes apoptosis of keratinocytes -> release of inflammatory cytokines *** Clinical features **** Pruritus, pain **** Erythema, oedema **** Blisters (severe) *** Treatment **** Wet compress **** Cooling ointments **** Topical steroids ** Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) *** Chronic disea...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:19, 21 July 2024 B11. Tuberculosis of the skin and its treatment (hist | edit) [72 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Tuberculosis|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:19, 21 July 2024 Tuberculosis (hist | edit) [1,166 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{:Stub}} <section begin="dermatology" />* Cutaneous tb is a rare form of extrapulmonary tb * Multiple types ** Tuberculous chancre *** Occurs at the site where m. tuberculosis enters the skin *** In people who don’t already have TB *** Papule -> painless ulcer ** TB verrucosa cutis *** Occurs at the site where m. tuberculosis enters the skin *** In people who already have TB *** Purplish warty growth ** Lupus vulgaris *** Apple-jelly nodules (gelatinous consistency)...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:15, 21 July 2024 B10. Rosacea, rhinophyma (hist | edit) [67 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Rosacea|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:15, 21 July 2024 Rosacea (hist | edit) [900 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Chronic inflammatory skin disease * More common in females * Triggers ** Alcohol ** Stress ** Smoking ** Hot weather * Clinical features ** No comedones or seborrhoea ** Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea *** Central facial erythema *** Telangiectasia ** Papulopustular rosacea *** Papules, pustules and erythema ** Phymatous rosacea *** Skin thickens *** Inflammatory nodules *** Rhinophyma – large, bulbous nose ** Ocular rosacea *** Conjun...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:10, 21 July 2024 B9. Paraneoplastic skin disorders (hist | edit) [83 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Paraneoplastic syndrome|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:00, 21 July 2024 Paraneoplastic syndrome (hist | edit) [6,054 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Paraneoplastic''' '''syndrome''' refers to any sign or symptom which occurs due to hormone or cytokine production by tumour cells, or by the immune response to the malignancy. Generally, it's defined as any syndrome due to non-metastatic effects of the malignancy. Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare, occuring in somewhere from 2-20% of malignancies. They often develop before the cancer diagnosis. It’s important to recognise these diseases because they can give earlie...") Tag: Visual edit
- 08:59, 21 July 2024 Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (hist | edit) [3,316 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="neurology" />Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes occur in 1 – 3% of patients with cancer. They often develop before the cancer diagnosis. They usually occur because the tumour expresses antigens which are structurally similar to antigens on neurons (molecular mimicry). Antineuronal antibodies are often present in the serum and CSF. It’s important to recognise these diseases because they can give earlier diagnosis of the...") Tag: Visual edit
- 07:41, 21 July 2024 B8. Benign tumours of the skin (hist | edit) [809 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Seborrheic keratosis = {{#lst:seborrheic keratosis|dermatology}} = Keratoacanthoma = {{#lst:Keratoacanthoma|dermatology}} = Dermatofibroma = {{#lst:Dermatofibroma|dermatology}} = Lipoma = {{#lst:Lipoma|dermatology}} = Pyogenic granuloma = {{#lst:Pyogenic granuloma|dermatology}} = Others = * Epidermal origin ** Sebaceous nevus ** Apocrine nevus * Benign mesenchymal tumors ** Acrochordon (skin tag) ** Leiomyoma * Vascular tumors ** Angioma ** Haemangioma * Skin adnexal...") Tag: Visual edit
- 07:38, 21 July 2024 Pyogenic granuloma (hist | edit) [228 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Benign vascular tumor * Soft, round, bright red tumor * Bleeds easily due to being vascular * Not actually "pyogenic" * Recurs after removal<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:36, 21 July 2024 Lipoma (hist | edit) [131 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Slow growing * Round * Soft * “Rubbery”<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:36, 21 July 2024 Dermatofibroma (hist | edit) [330 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Fibroblasts * Slowly growing * Skin-coloured or brownish nodules * Most commonly on lower extremities * Fitzpatrick sign – when squeezed the surface retracts inwards ** Characteristic for dermatofibroma * Treatment only for cosmetic reasons<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:34, 21 July 2024 Keratoacanthoma (hist | edit) [251 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* On sun-exposed skin * From pilosebaceous glands * Rapid growths for a few weeks -> then spontaneous resolution after months * Treatment ** Excision ** Radiotherapy<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:34, 21 July 2024 Seborrheic keratosis (hist | edit) [444 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Most common benign skin tumor in elderly * Immature keratinocytes * Clinical features ** Multiple darkly pigmented, soft papules/plaques ** Greasy, wax-like ** “Stuck-on” appearance ** May be pruritic ** May bleed easily ** Increase in number and size with time * Treatment ** No treatment necessary ** Cryotherapy, laser, excision for cosmetic reasons<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:17, 17 July 2024 B7. Clinical outcome and symptoms of AIDS (hist | edit) [63 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:HIV|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:13, 17 July 2024 B6. Lichen planus (hist | edit) [73 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Lichen planus|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:13, 17 July 2024 Lichen planus (hist | edit) [543 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology * Associated with hep C * Cutaneous lichen planus ** 5 P’s *** Purple *** Planar *** Pruritic *** Polygonal *** Papules ** Wickham striae – characteristic white lines * Mucosal lichen planus ** Wickham striae in oral cavity ** Painful, erosive lesions in oral cavity ** Can also affect oesophagus * Genital lichen planus ** Papules on genital organs * Treatment ** Topical/oral steroids **...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:12, 17 July 2024 B4. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of non-gonorrhoeic urethritis (hist | edit) [138 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Chlamydia = {{#lst:Chlamydia|dermatology}} = Trichomoniasis = {{#lst:Trichomoniasis|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:11, 17 July 2024 B5. Clinical forms and treatment of Kaposi sarcoma (hist | edit) [74 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Kaposi sarcoma|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:11, 17 July 2024 Kaposi sarcoma (hist | edit) [813 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Caused by HHV8 * Malignant tumor of endothelial cells * 4 types ** Classic – in older males ** Endemic – in Africa ** Immunosuppressive therapy-related ** AIDS-related * Clinical features ** Multiple cutaneous lesions *** Purplish macules -> patches -> papules -> plaques -> nodules ** Rapidly growing ** Initially seen on face, oral cavity or chest ** Organs can be involved * Treatment ** Vinblastine ** Radiotherapy ** Treat underlying...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:09, 17 July 2024 Trichomoniasis (hist | edit) [1,190 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="gynaecology" /><section begin="dermatology" />'''Trichomoniasis''' is a sexually transmitted infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis. == Clinical features == It’s asymptomatic in 70%. Foul-smelling, yellow-green coloured vaginal discharge is highly suspicious for trichomoniasis. Other symptoms include: * Itching * Burning * Dyspareunia * Itchiness * Redness * Strawberry cervix – typical appearance of cervix like a strawberry == Diagnosis and eval...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:07, 17 July 2024 Chlamydia (hist | edit) [1,025 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />'''Chlamydia''' is most common STD, if you don’t count <abbr>HPV</abbr>. It’s caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K. It may progress to pelvic inflammatory disease. == Clinical features == 90% of affected people are asymptomatic. Possible symptoms in women include: * Urethritis with dysuria * Mucopurulent discharge * Postcoital bleeding Men may experience prostatitis and epididymitis. =...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:01, 17 July 2024 B3. Dermatomyositis (hist | edit) [81 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Inflammatory myopathy|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:00, 17 July 2024 Inflammatory myopathy (hist | edit) [1,895 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="neurology" /><section begin="dermatology" />'''Inflammatory myopathy''', also called '''myositis,''' is a subtype of myopathy where there is inflammation of muscle. === Etiology === * Polymyositis (PM) * Dermatomyositis (DM) * Necrotising myositis * Inclusion body myositis (IBM) * Overlap myositis * Paraneoplastic myositis Dermatomyositis and necrotising myositis can either be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to adenocarcinoma. === Clinical featu...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:54, 17 July 2024 B2. Alopecias (hist | edit) [68 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Alopecia|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:54, 17 July 2024 Alopecia (hist | edit) [848 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Phases of hair growth ** Anagen phase – hair growth ** Catagen phase – transition phase ** Telogen phase – resting phase ** Repeat * Types of alopecia ** Diffuse alopecia *** Androgenetic alopecia **** Most common cause **** In androgen-sensitive hair follicles ***** Bitemporal scalp in men ***** Frontal scalp in women **** Androgens shorten the anagen phase *** Telogen effluvium **** Endocrine disorders **** Drugs **** Malnutrition...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:53, 17 July 2024 B1. The structure of the skin and its function (hist | edit) [64 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Skin|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:52, 17 July 2024 Skin (hist | edit) [1,284 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* 2 m2 and 4 kg * Structure ** Epidermis *** Stratum corneum *** Stratum lucidum *** Stratum granulosum *** Stratum spinosum *** Stratum basale ** Dermo-epidermal junction *** Basement membrane ** Dermis *** Papillary dermis **** Loosely arranged collagen **** Supplies epidermis with nutrients through dermal papillae *** Reticular dermis **** Densely packed reticular, elastic, collagen fibres *** Connective tissue *** Dense innervation ** S...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched