New pages
- 09:00, 21 July 2024 Paraneoplastic syndrome (hist | edit) [6,054 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Paraneoplastic''' '''syndrome''' refers to any sign or symptom which occurs due to hormone or cytokine production by tumour cells, or by the immune response to the malignancy. Generally, it's defined as any syndrome due to non-metastatic effects of the malignancy. Paraneoplastic syndromes are rare, occuring in somewhere from 2-20% of malignancies. They often develop before the cancer diagnosis. It’s important to recognise these diseases because they can give earlie...") Tag: Visual edit
- 08:59, 21 July 2024 Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (hist | edit) [3,316 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="neurology" />Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes occur in 1 – 3% of patients with cancer. They often develop before the cancer diagnosis. They usually occur because the tumour expresses antigens which are structurally similar to antigens on neurons (molecular mimicry). Antineuronal antibodies are often present in the serum and CSF. It’s important to recognise these diseases because they can give earlier diagnosis of the...") Tag: Visual edit
- 07:41, 21 July 2024 B8. Benign tumours of the skin (hist | edit) [809 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Seborrheic keratosis = {{#lst:seborrheic keratosis|dermatology}} = Keratoacanthoma = {{#lst:Keratoacanthoma|dermatology}} = Dermatofibroma = {{#lst:Dermatofibroma|dermatology}} = Lipoma = {{#lst:Lipoma|dermatology}} = Pyogenic granuloma = {{#lst:Pyogenic granuloma|dermatology}} = Others = * Epidermal origin ** Sebaceous nevus ** Apocrine nevus * Benign mesenchymal tumors ** Acrochordon (skin tag) ** Leiomyoma * Vascular tumors ** Angioma ** Haemangioma * Skin adnexal...") Tag: Visual edit
- 07:38, 21 July 2024 Pyogenic granuloma (hist | edit) [228 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Benign vascular tumor * Soft, round, bright red tumor * Bleeds easily due to being vascular * Not actually "pyogenic" * Recurs after removal<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:36, 21 July 2024 Lipoma (hist | edit) [131 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Slow growing * Round * Soft * “Rubbery”<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:36, 21 July 2024 Dermatofibroma (hist | edit) [330 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Fibroblasts * Slowly growing * Skin-coloured or brownish nodules * Most commonly on lower extremities * Fitzpatrick sign – when squeezed the surface retracts inwards ** Characteristic for dermatofibroma * Treatment only for cosmetic reasons<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:34, 21 July 2024 Keratoacanthoma (hist | edit) [251 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* On sun-exposed skin * From pilosebaceous glands * Rapid growths for a few weeks -> then spontaneous resolution after months * Treatment ** Excision ** Radiotherapy<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:34, 21 July 2024 Seborrheic keratosis (hist | edit) [444 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Most common benign skin tumor in elderly * Immature keratinocytes * Clinical features ** Multiple darkly pigmented, soft papules/plaques ** Greasy, wax-like ** “Stuck-on” appearance ** May be pruritic ** May bleed easily ** Increase in number and size with time * Treatment ** No treatment necessary ** Cryotherapy, laser, excision for cosmetic reasons<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:17, 17 July 2024 B7. Clinical outcome and symptoms of AIDS (hist | edit) [63 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:HIV|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:13, 17 July 2024 B6. Lichen planus (hist | edit) [73 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Lichen planus|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:13, 17 July 2024 Lichen planus (hist | edit) [543 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology * Associated with hep C * Cutaneous lichen planus ** 5 P’s *** Purple *** Planar *** Pruritic *** Polygonal *** Papules ** Wickham striae – characteristic white lines * Mucosal lichen planus ** Wickham striae in oral cavity ** Painful, erosive lesions in oral cavity ** Can also affect oesophagus * Genital lichen planus ** Papules on genital organs * Treatment ** Topical/oral steroids **...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:12, 17 July 2024 B4. Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of non-gonorrhoeic urethritis (hist | edit) [138 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Chlamydia = {{#lst:Chlamydia|dermatology}} = Trichomoniasis = {{#lst:Trichomoniasis|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:11, 17 July 2024 B5. Clinical forms and treatment of Kaposi sarcoma (hist | edit) [74 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Kaposi sarcoma|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:11, 17 July 2024 Kaposi sarcoma (hist | edit) [813 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Caused by HHV8 * Malignant tumor of endothelial cells * 4 types ** Classic – in older males ** Endemic – in Africa ** Immunosuppressive therapy-related ** AIDS-related * Clinical features ** Multiple cutaneous lesions *** Purplish macules -> patches -> papules -> plaques -> nodules ** Rapidly growing ** Initially seen on face, oral cavity or chest ** Organs can be involved * Treatment ** Vinblastine ** Radiotherapy ** Treat underlying...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:09, 17 July 2024 Trichomoniasis (hist | edit) [1,190 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="gynaecology" /><section begin="dermatology" />'''Trichomoniasis''' is a sexually transmitted infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis. == Clinical features == It’s asymptomatic in 70%. Foul-smelling, yellow-green coloured vaginal discharge is highly suspicious for trichomoniasis. Other symptoms include: * Itching * Burning * Dyspareunia * Itchiness * Redness * Strawberry cervix – typical appearance of cervix like a strawberry == Diagnosis and eval...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:07, 17 July 2024 Chlamydia (hist | edit) [1,025 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />'''Chlamydia''' is most common STD, if you don’t count <abbr>HPV</abbr>. It’s caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K. It may progress to pelvic inflammatory disease. == Clinical features == 90% of affected people are asymptomatic. Possible symptoms in women include: * Urethritis with dysuria * Mucopurulent discharge * Postcoital bleeding Men may experience prostatitis and epididymitis. =...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 20:01, 17 July 2024 B3. Dermatomyositis (hist | edit) [81 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Inflammatory myopathy|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 20:00, 17 July 2024 Inflammatory myopathy (hist | edit) [1,895 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="neurology" /><section begin="dermatology" />'''Inflammatory myopathy''', also called '''myositis,''' is a subtype of myopathy where there is inflammation of muscle. === Etiology === * Polymyositis (PM) * Dermatomyositis (DM) * Necrotising myositis * Inclusion body myositis (IBM) * Overlap myositis * Paraneoplastic myositis Dermatomyositis and necrotising myositis can either be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to adenocarcinoma. === Clinical featu...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:54, 17 July 2024 B2. Alopecias (hist | edit) [68 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Alopecia|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:54, 17 July 2024 Alopecia (hist | edit) [848 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Phases of hair growth ** Anagen phase – hair growth ** Catagen phase – transition phase ** Telogen phase – resting phase ** Repeat * Types of alopecia ** Diffuse alopecia *** Androgenetic alopecia **** Most common cause **** In androgen-sensitive hair follicles ***** Bitemporal scalp in men ***** Frontal scalp in women **** Androgens shorten the anagen phase *** Telogen effluvium **** Endocrine disorders **** Drugs **** Malnutrition...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:53, 17 July 2024 B1. The structure of the skin and its function (hist | edit) [64 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Skin|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:52, 17 July 2024 Skin (hist | edit) [1,284 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* 2 m2 and 4 kg * Structure ** Epidermis *** Stratum corneum *** Stratum lucidum *** Stratum granulosum *** Stratum spinosum *** Stratum basale ** Dermo-epidermal junction *** Basement membrane ** Dermis *** Papillary dermis **** Loosely arranged collagen **** Supplies epidermis with nutrients through dermal papillae *** Reticular dermis **** Densely packed reticular, elastic, collagen fibres *** Connective tissue *** Dense innervation ** S...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:11, 17 July 2024 A24. Local therapy in dermatology (hist | edit) [128 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Principles of Topical Therapy|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course) Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:10, 17 July 2024 Principles of Topical Therapy (hist | edit) [4,945 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "* Unilateral treatment allows for easier treatment response evaluation than with systemic treatment * Topical preparations/formulations consist of a drug in a non-active base/vehicle * Drugs used on skin must be dissolved or suspended in a vehicle ** The choice of drug depends on the diagnosis ** The choice of vehicle depends on the state of the skin ** The drug will be transferred from the vehicle to stratum corneum ** The base determines the rate at which the drug is a...") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:05, 17 July 2024 A23. Acne and its treatment (hist | edit) [64 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Acne|dermatology}}")
- 19:05, 17 July 2024 Acne (hist | edit) [2,591 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Common acne = Acne vulgaris * (comedo/comedones = plugged hair follicle (pore)) * Risk factors ** Genetic predisposition ** Hormonal changes *** Puberty *** Menstrual cycle ** Certain foods ** Smoking ** Skin products that block pores * Pathomechanism ** Hyperactivity of sebaceous glands ** Hyperkeratosis of follicular keratinocytes ** Bacterial hypercolonization *** Propionibacterium acnes (= cutibacterium acnes) ** Inflammation * Clinic...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:04, 17 July 2024 A22. Diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhoea (hist | edit) [70 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Gonorrhoea|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:02, 17 July 2024 A21. Cutaneous and mucosal manifestations and treatment of syphilis (hist | edit) [68 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:syphilis|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:01, 17 July 2024 Gonorrhoea (hist | edit) [1,770 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />Gonorrhoea is caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It mostly affects young adults. It may progress to pelvic inflammatory disease. === Clinical features === Women are often asymptomatic (30 – 60%). The incubation time can be days or weeks. Symptoms in women can be: * Dysuria * Yellow, purulent, malodourous discharge * Cervical tenderness and bleeding on physical examination === Diagnosis and evaluation === PCR of a vaginal and endocervica...")
- 18:53, 17 July 2024 Syphilis (hist | edit) [3,314 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Sometimes called ''lues'' * Treponema pallidum * Risk factors ** Men who have sex with men ** Promiscuity ** Unprotected sex * Incubation period 10 – 90 days (average 21) * Has 4 characteristic stages ** Primary syphilis *** Characterised by a special lesion called a ''chancre'' *** Chancres occur at the site where the bacterium enters the body *** It’s a painless, firm ulcer with indurated borders and a smooth base *** Chancres resol...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:50, 17 July 2024 A20. Precancerous lesions and intraepidermal carcinoma (hist | edit) [619 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "* Precancerous lesions ** Lentigo maligna ** Actinic keratosis *** Cutaneous horns ** Leucoplakia * Intraepidermal carcinoma/carcinoma in situ ** Bowen disease ** Erythroplasia of Queyrat ** Paget disease = Lentigo maligna = {{#lst:Lentigo maligna|dermatology}} = Actinic keratosis = {{#lst:Actinic keratosis|dermatology}} = Leucoplakia = {{#lst:Leucoplakia|dermatology}} = Bowen disease = {{#lst:Bowen disease|dermatology}} = Erythroplasia of Queyrat = {{#lst:Erythroplasia...") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:48, 17 July 2024 Paget disease of the breast (hist | edit) [251 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Ductal carcinoma in situ of the nipple and areola * Clinical features ** Erythematous, scaly, vesicular rash ** Pruritus ** Burning * Treatment ** Surgical removal<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Gynaecology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:47, 17 July 2024 Erythroplasia of Queyrat (hist | edit) [399 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Erythroplasia of Queyrat = Bowen disease of glans penis * Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of penile mucosa * Risk factors ** Chronic inflammation ** HPV 16, 18 * Clinical features ** Sharply demarcated, non-healing plaques or papules ** May ulcerate or bleed * Treatment ** 5-FU ** Imiquimod<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology Category:Urology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:46, 17 July 2024 Bowen disease (hist | edit) [326 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of skin * Risk factors ** UV exposure ** HPV 16, 18 ** Arsenic * Clinical features ** Erythematous and scaly lesion ** Irregular shape, sharp borders ** On sun-exposed areas * Treatment ** 5-FU ** Imiquimod<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:46, 17 July 2024 Leucoplakia (hist | edit) [410 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Hyperkeratosis and dysplasia of epithelium and mucous membranes * Risk factors ** Smoking ** Alcohol * Clinical features ** White plaque that cannot be scraped off ** Most commonly in oral cavity * Differential diagnosis ** Oral candidiasis ** Oral hairy leukoplakia * Treatment ** Avoidance of risk factors ** Cryotherapy<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:45, 17 July 2024 Actinic keratosis (hist | edit) [469 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Precancerous lesions of squamous cells * Occurs in elderly with light skin * Risk factor: UV exposure * Clinical features ** Small lesion with rough surface ** -> lesion grows and becomes erythematous and scaly ** On sun-exposed areas ** May develop into a cutaneous horn * Treatment ** Few lesions *** Cryotherapy ** Many lesions *** 5-FU *** Imiquimod ** Prevention with sunscreen<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:44, 17 July 2024 Lentigo maligna (hist | edit) [355 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Precancerous lesion of dysplastic melanocytes * Occurs in elderly * Risk factor: UV exposure * Darkly pigmented macule ** On sun-exposed areas *** Face, neck ** Irregular borders ** 1 mm – 2 cm ** Irregular colour * Treatment ** Surgical excision with safety margin<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:43, 17 July 2024 A19. Contact dermatitis (hist | edit) [78 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Contact dermatitis|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:42, 17 July 2024 Contact dermatitis (hist | edit) [3,130 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Contact dermatitis ** Types *** Important types **** Allergic contact dermatitis **** Irritant contact dermatitis **** Phototoxic contact dermatitis **** Photoallergic contact dermatitis *** Not so important types **** Seborrheic dermatitis **** Infectallergic dermatitis **** Perioral dermatitis **** Stasis dermatitis ** Clinical features (rash) *** Acute **** “Sunburn type” ***** Erythema ***** Oedema ***** Vesicles ***** Urtica ****...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:41, 17 July 2024 A18. Vasculitides (hist | edit) [613 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis = {{#lst:Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis|dermatology}} = Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis = {{#lst:Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis|dermatology}} = IgA vasculitis = {{#lst:IgA vasculitis|dermatology}} = Urticarial vasculitis = {{#lst:Urticarial vasculitis|dermatology}} = Granulomatosis with polyangiitis = {{#lst:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis|dermatology}} = Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis = {{#lst:Eosinophilic granulomatosis...") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:38, 17 July 2024 Polyarteritis nodosa (hist | edit) [318 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Medium-sized vessel vasculitis * Clinical features ** Skin symptoms (in 25%) *** Palpable purpuras *** Punched-out ulcers ** Coronary artery disease ** Renal disease ** Polyneuropathy * Treatment ** Steroids ** Immunosuppressants<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Rheumatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:37, 17 July 2024 Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (hist | edit) [282 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Clinical features ** Skin symptoms (in 50%) *** Nodules *** Palpable purpuras ** Severe asthma ** Allergic rhinitis ** Respiratory tract infections * Treatment ** Steroids ** Immunosuppressants<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Rheumatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:37, 17 July 2024 Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (hist | edit) [326 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Potentially lethal * Clinical features ** Skin symptoms (in 50%) *** Papules *** Purpuras *** Oral ulcers ** Chronic rhinosinusitis ** Lower respiratory tract infections ** Glomerulonephritis * Treatment ** Steroids ** Immunosuppressants<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Rheumatology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:36, 17 July 2024 Urticarial vasculitis (hist | edit) [504 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Persistent urticaria * Associated with autoimmune connective tissue diseases * Can be due to hypocomplementemia (deficiency of complement factors) ** In which case there is also systemic involvement * Clinical features ** Recurrent episodes of painful, persistent urticarial lesions that last > 24 hours ** Angioedema can occur * Treatment ** Antihistamines ** Steroids ** NSAIDs ** Dapsone<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Dermatolog...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:36, 17 July 2024 Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (hist | edit) [631 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Cryoglobulins = immunoglobulins that precipitate in the cold ** They precipitate within the walls of small vessels * Etiology ** Viral infections ** Autoimmune connective tissue diseases ** Haematological malignancies * Clinical features ** Palpable purpura (in 90%) ** Myalgia ** Arthralgia ** Peripheral neuropathy ** Glomerulonephritis * Diagnosis ** Examination of cryoglobulins in blood during attack * Treatment ** Treat underlying dise...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:35, 17 July 2024 IgA vasculitis (hist | edit) [415 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* IgA deposit in the vessels * Typically affect children after a respiratory tract infection * Clinical features (typical tetrad) ** Palpable purpura (in 100%) ** Arthritis ** Abdominal pain ** Haematuria * Treatment ** Self-limiting in most cases – no treatment needed ** NSAIDs ** Steroids if severe<section end="dermatology" /> Category:Rheumatology Category:Paediatrics") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:33, 17 July 2024 Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (hist | edit) [731 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* Small vessel vasculitides with cutaneous involvement * Most cases are idiopathic * Types ** Immune complex mediated vasculitides *** Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis *** <abbr>IgA</abbr> vasculitis = Henoch Schönlein purpura *** Urticarial vasculitis ** ANCA-associated vasculitides *** Granulomatosis with polyangiitis *** Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis * Common clinical features ** Palpable purpuras ** Erythematous papules **...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:25, 17 July 2024 A17. Pigmented naevi (hist | edit) [66 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Naevus|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:24, 17 July 2024 Naevus (hist | edit) [1,781 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" />* A nevus is a benign lesion of melanocytes in the skin or oral mucosa * Can be pigmented or non-pigmented (most are pigmented) * Histological classification ** Junctional nevi *** Flat, well-demarcated brown macules *** Grows in the epidermis at the dermal-epidermal junction ** Compound nevi *** Elevated *** Grows in the epidermis at the dermal-epidermal junction and in the dermis ** Dermal nevi *** Elevated *** May be hard and grow hair *...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:22, 17 July 2024 A16. Scabies, pediculosis (hist | edit) [128 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Scabies = {{#lst:Scabies|dermatology}} = Pediculosis = {{#lst:Pediculosis|dermatology}} Category:Dermatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit