New pages
- 07:50, 12 September 2024 Hip fracture (hist | edit) [3,913 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Hip fractures''' are those which involve the proximal femur, including femoral head fractures, femoral neck fractures, trochanteric fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures. Hip fractures are one of the most common fractures of the elderly, and a common cause of admission to the hospital. They’re also severe and can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Hip fractures affect 169 / 100 000 each year, and females more often than males....") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:47, 12 September 2024 B1. Pelvic and acetabular fractures. Traumatic hip dislocations. (hist | edit) [243 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Pelvic fractures = {{#lst:Pelvic fracture|traumatology}} = Acetabular fractures = {{#lst:Acetabular fracture|traumatology}} = Traumatic hip dislocation = {{#lst:Traumatic hip dislocation|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 07:45, 12 September 2024 Traumatic hip dislocation (hist | edit) [1,752 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Traumatic dislocation of the hip''' refers to dislocation of the femoral head from the acetabular socket. It is rare and usually associated with other injuries, like acetabular fracture or hip fracture. It mostly occurs due to high energy trauma in young. 90% of traumatic hip dislocations are posterior. It may lead to osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteoarthritis, and sciatic nerve injury. == Classification == Hip dislocations are...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:44, 12 September 2024 Acetabular fracture (hist | edit) [1,847 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Fractures of the acetabulum''' are, like pelvic fractures, a result of high energy motor vehicle accidents in young or low energy falls in elderly. Fractures to joint surfaces predispose to later osteoarthritis, so proper treatment is important. Associated ipsilateral neurovascular injury is not uncommon and must be kept in mind. == Classification == Acetabular fractures may be classified according to the Judet and...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:38, 12 September 2024 Pelvic fracture (hist | edit) [3,780 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Fractures of the pelvis''', including the acetabulum, is mostly a result of motor vehicle accidents (high-energy trauma) in young adults, and therefore often co-exists with other injuries or fractures. It may also occur in elderly due to falls from standing height (low-energy trauma). Low-energy fractures (elderly) are usually isolated and do not damage the integrity of the pelvic ring. High-energy fractures (young) usually damage the...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:18, 11 September 2024 67. Aseptic bone necroses (hist | edit) [117 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Osteonecrosis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)")
- 19:18, 11 September 2024 65. Closure abnormalities of the spinal cord (hist | edit) [140 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Spinal dysraphism|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:75._Closure_abnormalities_of_the_spinal_cord}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:17, 11 September 2024 60. Orthopaedic aspects of osteoporosis (hist | edit) [298 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with " {{DEFAULTSORT:70._Orthopaedic_aspects_of_osteoporosis}} = Osteoporosis = {{#lst:Osteoporosis|orthopaedics}} = Vertebral fracture = Orthopaedic surgeons are involved in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.{{#lst:Vertebral fracture|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:15, 11 September 2024 56. Acute osteomyelitis (hist | edit) [121 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Osteomyelitis|orthopaedics acute}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:66._Acute_osteomyelitis}}") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:13, 11 September 2024 55. Rehabilitation following limb amputation, orthoses, orthopaedic shoes (hist | edit) [231 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Limb amputation = {{#lst:Limb amputation|orthopaedics}} = Orthoses = {{#lst:Orthosis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:65._Rehabilitation_following_limb_amputation,_orthoses,_orthopaedic_shoes}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:13, 11 September 2024 53. Chondromalacia patellae (hist | edit) [129 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Chondromalacia patellae|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:63._Chondromalacia_patellae}}") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:12, 11 September 2024 49. Tuberculous arthritis (hist | edit) [125 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Tuberculous arthritis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:59._Tuberculous_arthritis}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:12, 11 September 2024 47. Femoral head necrosis (hist | edit) [121 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Osteonecrosis|orthopaedics hip}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:57._Femoral_head_necrosis}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:10, 11 September 2024 45. Prognostic significance of septic hip conditions in newborn (hist | edit) [178 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Neonatal septic arthritis of the hip|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:55._Prognostic_significance_of_septic_hip_conditions_in_newborn}}") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:09, 11 September 2024 43. Recurrent dislocation of the patella (hist | edit) [149 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Recurrent patellar dislocation|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:53._Recurrent_dislocation_of_the_patella}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:09, 11 September 2024 40. Cervicobrachial syndrome (hist | edit) [131 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Cervicobrachial syndrome|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:50._Cervicobrachial_syndrome}}") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:08, 11 September 2024 33. Osteoarthritis of the elbow (hist | edit) [130 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Elbow osteoarthritis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:07, 11 September 2024 31. Posttraumatic dystrophy (algodystrophy) of the bone (hist | edit) [164 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Complex regional pain syndrome|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:07, 11 September 2024 25. Limb Equalisation (hist | edit) [117 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Limb equalisation|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:06, 11 September 2024 23. Congenital Coxa Vara (hist | edit) [123 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Congenital coxa vara|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:05, 11 September 2024 19. Congenital torticollis (wry neck) (hist | edit) [147 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Congenital muscular torticollis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:04, 11 September 2024 12. Chronic osteomyelitis (Garre, Brodie’s abscess) (hist | edit) [153 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Osteomyelitis|orthopaedics chronic}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:02, 11 September 2024 10. Knee effusion, popliteal cysts (hist | edit) [200 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Knee effusion = {{#lst:Knee effusion|orthopaedics}} = Popliteal cyst = {{#lst:Popliteal cyst|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:20._Knee_effusion,_popliteal_cysts}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:00, 11 September 2024 6. Tendovaginites, types and management (hist | edit) [132 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Tenosynovitis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:16._Tendovaginites,_types_and_management}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:59, 11 September 2024 5. Acetabular Protrusion (hist | edit) [125 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Acetabular protrusion|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:58, 11 September 2024 1. Obstetrical brachial plexus injuries (hist | edit) [149 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Neonatal brachial plexus palsy|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:45, 11 September 2024 Spinal dysraphism (hist | edit) [1,033 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Spinal dysraphism is an umbrella term for conditions caused by abnormal closure of the neural plate * The most important cause is maternal folic acid deficiency during pregnancy * Types ** Closed spinal dysraphism (spina bifida occulta) *** Asymptomatic *** Due to incomplete closure of vertebrae ** Open spinal dysraphism (spina bifida cystica) *** Meningocele – herniation of meninges *** Myelomeningocele – herniation of meninges and...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:44, 11 September 2024 Vertebral fracture (hist | edit) [1,208 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Vertebral fracture is usually a pathological fracture due to osteoporosis. * Diagnosis ** X-ray * Clinical features ** Loss of height ** Local pain on percussion ** Progressive kyphosis * Stable fractures ** Most osteoporotic vertebral fractures are stable ** Most develop slowly over time and are therefore asymptomatic ** The structural stability of the spine remains intact ** No neurological problems ** Treated conservatively **...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:37, 11 September 2024 Orthosis (hist | edit) [2,034 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Orthoses (orthosis in singular) are externally fitted devices which support the musculoskeletal system ** They’re often used temporarily, but in some conditions permanent orthoses are necessary ** Uses *** After operation or injury, to promote recovery until full recovery is achieved *** Reduce weight-bearing forces on the limb *** Restrict movement in a certain direction *** Immobilize an extremity or joint *** Correct abnormal shape...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:36, 11 September 2024 Limb amputation (hist | edit) [991 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Rehabilitation after amputation ** Aims of rehabilitation *** Teach the patient how to use prosthesis *** Improve balance, endurance and strength **** After amputation the amount of energy necessary for walking increases a lot, so endurance and strength are important *** Prevents secondary disabilities **** Contractures, especially flexion contracture *** Reduces phantom pain *** Hasten stump conditioning **** After amputation the stump...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:35, 11 September 2024 Chondromalacia patellae (hist | edit) [574 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Chondromalacia patellae is softening of the cartilage on the posterior articular cartilagenous surface of the patella * Due to overuse, inflammation, or injury * Epidemiology ** Adolescents ** Girls > boys * Clinical features ** Diffuse pain around or behind the patella ** Insidious onset of symptoms ** Pain worsens when walking in stairs or sitting for a long time * Treatment ** Conservative *** Main treatment is conservative *** Rest *...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 17:18, 11 September 2024 Tuberculous arthritis (hist | edit) [470 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Arthritis due to mycobacterium tuberculosis * Epidemiology ** Rare ** More common in developing countries * Most commonly affects spine, hip, and knee * Clinical features ** Pain during activity ** Subfebrility ** Night sweats * Diagnosis ** Synovial mycobacterial culture ** X-ray * Treatment ** Conservative *** Antimycobacterial treatment ** Surgical *** In advanced cases <section end="orthopaedics" /> Category:Orthopaedics") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:57, 2 September 2024 Neonatal septic arthritis of the hip (hist | edit) [765 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Neonatal septic arthritis of the hip, the bacterial infection of the hip of the child, is a surgical emergency. If not treated rapidly it will cause permanent joint damage for the developing hip. * Epidemiology ** 50% occur in children < 2 years ** Hip is involved in 1/3 of all neonatal septic arthritides * Risk factors ** Prematurity ** C-section ** Trauma ** Infection * Clinical features ** Acute pain ** Fever ** Limping ** Swelling *...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:53, 2 September 2024 Recurrent patellar dislocation (hist | edit) [554 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Recurrent patellar dislocation, also called patellar instability, refers to the recurrent lateral dislocation or subluxation of the patella. It occurs due to loosening of the joint capsule due to previous trauma. Specific movements usually trigger the dislocation. * Epidemiology ** Adolescents ** Girls > boys * When the dislocation occurs, the knee becomes swollen and painful * Treatment ** Conservative *** Quadriceps exercises *** Speci...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:50, 2 September 2024 Cervicobrachial syndrome (hist | edit) [1,212 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="neurology" /><section begin="orthopaedics" />'''Cervicobrachial syndrome''', also called '''cervicobrachalgia''', refers to having neurological symptoms, including pain, in the neck and arm, in the distribution of C5 – C8, most commonly C8. It is usually due to compression of the spinal cord. It is one manifestation of spinal cord disease. == Etiology == * Trauma to the back * Spondylosis (age-related arthritis of the spine) * Spinal disc herniat...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:46, 2 September 2024 Elbow osteoarthritis (hist | edit) [277 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Much less frequent than OA of the hip and knee * Related to manual labour and overuse * Symptoms like any OA * Treatment ** Conservative ** Surgical: Joint replacement <section end="orthopaedics" /> Category:Orthopaedics") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:45, 2 September 2024 Complex regional pain syndrome (hist | edit) [855 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as complex regional pain syndrome, Sudeck atrophy, or reflex sympathetic dystrophy, is a condition where painful sensations in a limb are more prolonged or more severe than would be expected * Classically occurs after trauma, but can occur after other conditions as well * Clinical features ** Excessive pain ** Hyperesthesia ** Vasomotor problems (hypo/hyperthermia, hypo/hyperpigmentation)...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:43, 2 September 2024 Limb equalisation (hist | edit) [2,156 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Limb equalisation surgery, also called limb lengthening surgery, is performed when correction with shoes is inadequate, often at > 2,5 cm discrepancy * Multiple surgical procedures are available to correct limb length ** Some are complex, but by combining two or more of them we can reduce the complexity and the number of operations required * Temporary epiphysiodesis – using screws or staples across the epiphyseal plate ** Can only be...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:41, 2 September 2024 Congenital coxa vara (hist | edit) [510 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Congenital coxa vara is a rare congenital condition where the collodiaphyseal angle of the femur gradually decreases due to malfunction of the ossification of the femoral neck * The condition is present at birth but usually isn’t discovered until 3 – 4 years * Diagnosis: x-ray * Clinical features ** 1/3 are bilateral ** Coxa vara ** Fold asymmetry ** Abduction contracture ** Limping * Treatment: Valgus osteotomy <section end="orthopa...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:38, 2 September 2024 Congenital muscular torticollis (hist | edit) [637 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Congenital muscular torticollis, also called wry neck, is a deformity causing the neck of the newborn to be stiff and the head to be turned or tilted to one side due to fibrotic and/or hypertrophic sternocleidomastoid * 3rd most common congenital musculoskeletal disorder (after DDH and clubfoot) * Clinical features ** Tilted and rotated head ** Limited range of motion ** Prominent and tense sternocleidomastoid * Treatment ** Conservative...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:12, 2 September 2024 Popliteal cyst (hist | edit) [730 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Popliteal cyst, also called a Baker cyst, is a cyst in the popliteal fossa, between the semimembranosus and gastrocnemius ** The cyst consists of a gel-like material ** The cyst communicates with the synovium of the knee, so it’s not a true cyst * Etiology ** It forms on the basis of a chronic inflammation of the knee ** Osteoarthritis ** Meniscus injury ** Rheumatoid arthritis * Clinical features ** Often asymptomatic ** Pain ** Locki...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:12, 2 September 2024 Knee effusion (hist | edit) [790 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />A knee effusion is a fluid accumulation in the intra-articular space of the knee * May be serous, bloody, or purulent * Etiology ** Osteoarthritis ** Trauma ** Crystal arthritis (gout) ** Rheumatoid arthritis ** Septic arthritis (infection) ** Ligament injuries ** Meniscus injuries * Clinical features ** Swelling around and above patella ** Decreased ROM ** Patellar ballottement * Diagnosis ** Swift diagnosis of septic arthritis is importa...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:10, 2 September 2024 Tenosynovitis (hist | edit) [937 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Tenosynovitis = tendovaginitis = inflammation of a tendon and its synovial sheath * Females > males * Etiology ** Repetitive use of tendon ** Rheumatological diseases ** Bacterial infection * Tendons of the fingers and wrist are most commonly affected * Clinical features ** Pain on passive extension of affected tendon ** Finger slightly flexed at rest * Special types ** Stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger) *** Thickening of one of th...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:08, 2 September 2024 Acetabular Protrusion (hist | edit) [469 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Acetabular protrusion refers to when the acetabular socket is so deep that the femoral head may protrude into the pelvis * This is a prearthritic condition * Epidemiology ** In adolescents and in elderly ** Women > men * Clinical features ** Hip pain ** Limited ROM * Diagnosis: x-ray * Treatment ** Arthroscopic or open joint surgery ** Total hip replacement <section end="orthopaedics" /> Category:Orthopaedics") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:06, 2 September 2024 Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (hist | edit) [1,267 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Neonatal brachial plexus palsy, also called obstetrical brachial plexus injuries, refers to injuries to the brachial plexus acquired during delivery * During birth the brachial plexus or its roots may be damaged ** Especially if lateral traction (pulling) is applied to the foetus’ head (shoulder dystocia) ** The condition is uncommon * The result is paralysis * Three types exist ** Erb’s type – the upper arm is paralyzed *** This i...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:00, 2 September 2024 Osteosarcoma (hist | edit) [503 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Osteogenic sarcoma = osteosarcoma * Epidemiology ** Children + teenagers ** Boys > girls ** Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour * Clinical features ** Occurs in metaphysis of long bones *** Especially distal femur and proximal tibia ** Night pain ** B symptoms * Diagnosis ** X-ray ** Codman triangle ** Sunburst appearance * Treatment ** Neoadjuvant chemo + limb-sparing surgery + adjuvant chemo <section end="orthopaedics"...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:59, 2 September 2024 Giant cell tumour of bone (hist | edit) [479 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Epidemiology ** 20 – 40 years * Clinical features ** Locally aggressive tumour (borderline between benign and malignant) ** Most commonly in distal femur or proximal tibia, close to the knee ** High recurrence rate ** Deep persistent pain ** Pathological fractures * Diagnosis ** X-ray: Multi-cystic osteolytic lesions * Treatment ** Curettage and filling of the tumour with bone cement <section end="orthopaedics" /> Category:Orthopaedi...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:56, 2 September 2024 Ewing sarcoma (hist | edit) [518 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Epidemiology ** Children, adolescents ** Boys > girls * Clinical features ** Can occur in any bone *** Most often in diaphysis of long bones ** Highly malignant ** Night pain ** B symptoms * Diagnosis ** Resembles osteomyelitis on x-ray, MRI and histology ** Immunohistological staining or PCR helps to differentiate * Treatment ** Neoadjuvant polychemo + limb-sparing surgery + adjuvant polychemo ** Radiation may also be used <section end=...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:52, 2 September 2024 Bone cysts and cyst-like conditions (hist | edit) [680 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Bone cysts and cyst-like conditions are not true tumours ** MRI is best for diagnosis ** Simple bone cyst *** = serous fluid-filled lesion *** Usually found in young people ** Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) *** Shows multiple fluid lines (niveau) on MRI or CT *** Because it contains multiple liquids of different density ** Non-ossifying fibroma *** Due to dysfunctional ossification *** Located in metaphysis of long bones of the lower extremi...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:52, 2 September 2024 Osteochondroma (hist | edit) [465 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="orthopaedics" />* Osteochondroma, previously called cartilaginous exostosis is an exostosis covered with cartilage ** Most commonly solitary *** Can be multiple in ''multiple hereditary osteochondromas'' ** 10 – 20 years ** Usually not painful, but causes bump ** Have a mushroom-look on x-ray ** Occurs on the metaphysis of long bones ** Typical places: *** Distal femur *** Proximal tibia <section end="orthopaedics" /> Category:Orthopaedics") Tag: Visual edit: Switched