36. Epidemiology and prevention of AIDS

From greek.doctor
  • Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS
    • 34 million worldwide live with HIV
    • 23 million in Africa
    • Most new infections occur in Africa as well
    • 1.8 million deaths worldwide due to AIDS in 2010
      • 1.2 million in Africa
    • Adult prevalence of AIDS in Africa: 4,7%
    • After the HIV epidemic began in ~80s, the life expectancy in Southern Africa actually decreased
    • HIV is primarily transmitted through sex, and primarily by men who have sex with men
    • In non-African countries, black peoples are more commonly affected than other ethnicities
    • For every 100 HIV+ mother there will be 35 HIV+ babies
  • Complications of AIDS
    • Pneumocystis pneumonia (by pneumocystis jirovecii)
    • Toxoplasmosis
    • Candida infection
    • Tuberculosis
    • Kaposi sarcoma
  • Prevention
    • Primary
      • Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV-positive pregnant women
        • The use of this is increasing
      • Condom use
        • Female condoms also exist
    • Tertiary
      • Antiretroviral therapy to HIV-positive people
      • Postexposure prophylaxis