User contributions for Nikolas

18:0618:06, 1 May 2024 diff hist +2,167‎ N 30. Lipids and lipoproteins in the blood plasma ‎ Created page with "{| class="wikitable" !'''Parameter''' !'''Sample''' !'''Reference range''' |- !Cholesterol |Serum |4,0 – 5,6 mM |- !LDL |Serum |0,0 – 3,4 mM |- !HDL |Serum |0,9 – 1,7 mM |} * Analysis of lipids ** Enzymatic assay *** Cholesterol *** HDL, LDL *** <abbr>FFA</abbr> *** Triglycerides ** Immunoassay *** ApoA1 *** ApoB *** Lp(a) ** Lipoprotein electrophoresis ** Ultracentrifugation – sorted after density * Cholesterol ** Component of cell membrane ** Precursor of ster..." current Tag: Visual edit
18:0218:02, 1 May 2024 diff hist +176‎ N 29. Clinical biochemistry of hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia ‎ Created page with "= Hypoglycaemia = {{#lst:Hypoglycaemia|clinical biochemistry}} = Hyperglycaemia = {{#lst:Hyperglycaemia|clinical biochemistry}} Category:Clinical Biochemistry (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
18:0118:01, 1 May 2024 diff hist +385‎ N Hyperglycaemia ‎ Created page with "<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Hyperglycaemia''' refers to higher-than-normal blood glucose level. The upper limit of "normal" glucose level depends on whether there is fasting or not. When fasting, the upper normal level is 7.0 mM. Chronic hyperglycaemia is a defining feature of diabetes mellitus.<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> Category:Pathophysiology" current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
17:5917:59, 1 May 2024 diff hist −4,350‎ 49. Hypoglycemia ‎ Replaced content with "{{:Hypoglycaemia}} Category:Pathophysiology 2" current Tags: Replaced Visual edit
17:5817:58, 1 May 2024 diff hist +5,007‎ N Hypoglycaemia ‎ Created page with "<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Hypoglycaemia''' is defined as a serum glucose level below 3.5 mmol/L. It most frequently occurs in diabetics in association with taking too much insulin or other antidiabetic (glucose-lowering) drugs. It may also occur in chronic alcoholics. Rare causes include beta blockers and insulinomas. It’s most characteristic for type 1 diabetics.<section end="clinical biochemi..." current Tag: Visual edit
17:4517:45, 1 May 2024 diff hist +97‎ N 28. Diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus (WHO criteria). Laboratory monitoring of patients with diabetic history ‎ Created page with "{{#lst:Diabetes mellitus|clinical biochemistry}} Category:Clinical Biochemistry (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
17:4317:43, 1 May 2024 diff hist +6,357‎ Diabetes mellitus ‎No edit summary Tag: Visual edit: Switched
17:3317:33, 1 May 2024 diff hist +37‎ N Coronary heart disease ‎ Redirected page to Ischaemic heart disease current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
09:2009:20, 1 May 2024 diff hist +1,854‎ N Diabetes mellitus ‎ Created page with "'''Diabetes mellitus''' (DM) is a group of disorders characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia due to abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. There are many types, but the most common types are type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. DM is a very common disease, and the most common form, type 2, is associated with inactivity and obesity, which are increasing globally. Chronic hyperglycaemia causes severe long-term and short-term complications which may..." Tag: Visual edit
09:0709:07, 1 May 2024 diff hist +522‎ N 27. Laboratory diagnostics of the striated muscle diseases. ‎ Created page with "= Creatine kinase = {{#lst:Creatine kinase|clinical biochemistry}} = Other = * LDH is elevated in any form of cell injury, including muscle injury * Duchenne muscle dystrophy ** Elevated total creatine kinase ** Creatine in urine * Rhabdomyolysis ** Elevated total creatine kinase (very high levels, 5x upper limit) ** Elevated myoglobin ** Elevated LDH, K+, phosphate ** Myoglobinuria – orange or brown ** Renal impairment parameters *** Urea *** Electrolytes [..." current Tag: Visual edit
09:0309:03, 1 May 2024 diff hist +1,043‎ N Creatine kinase ‎ Created page with "<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Creatine kinase''' (CK) is an enzyme which catalyses the formation of creatine phosphate from creatine. Creatine phosphate is the main energy source in muscle, and so this enzyme is abundant in skeletal muscle. There are three isotypes of CK. CK-MM is mostly found in skeletal muscle. CK-MB is mostly found in myocardium (but only accounts for 30% of CK here). CK-BB is the dominant form in smooth muscle. == As a laboratory mark..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
08:5508:55, 1 May 2024 diff hist +311‎ N 26. Laboratory monitoring the therapy of myocardial infarction. Laboratory approaches in chronic heart failure (BNP, proBNP, electrolytes). ‎ Created page with "= Monitoring therapy of AMI = * Decrease in troponin after treatment -> treatment successful * High troponin -> Worse prognosis * Immediately following reperfusion, troponin may temporarily increase = Heart failure = {{#lst:Heart failure|clinical biochemistry}} Category:Clinical Biochemistry (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
08:5308:53, 1 May 2024 diff hist +733‎ Heart failure ‎No edit summary Tag: Visual edit: Switched

14:1614:16, 28 April 2024 diff hist +136‎ N 25. Current analytical protocol to detect acute myocardial infarction; international recommendations. ‎ Created page with "{{#lst:Acute coronary syndrome|clinical biochemistry}} == References == <references /> Category:Clinical Biochemistry (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
14:1514:15, 28 April 2024 diff hist +1,632‎ Acute coronary syndrome ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:2513:25, 28 April 2024 diff hist +52‎ Acute coronary syndrome ‎No edit summary Tag: Visual edit
13:1713:17, 28 April 2024 diff hist −14,734‎ 30. Anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs ‎ →‎Unfractionated heparin current Tag: Visual edit
13:0513:05, 28 April 2024 diff hist +435‎ N 24. Laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant therapies. ‎ Created page with "= Warfarin = {{#lst:Vitamin K antagonists|clinical biochemistry}} = Heparin = {{#lst:Unfractionated heparin|clinical biochemistry}} = LMWH = {{#lst:Low-molecular-weight heparin|clinical biochemistry}} = DOAC = {{#lst:Direct oral anticoagulants|clinical biochemistry}} = Antiplatelets = {{#lst:Acetylsalicylic acid|clinical biochemistry}} {{#lst:P2Y12 inhibitors|clinical biochemistry}} Category:Clinical Biochemistry (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
13:0313:03, 28 April 2024 diff hist +400‎ P2Y12 inhibitors ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:0013:00, 28 April 2024 diff hist +385‎ Acetylsalicylic acid ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:4312:43, 28 April 2024 diff hist +119‎ Antiplatelet drugs ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
12:4312:43, 28 April 2024 diff hist +194‎ Anticoagulant ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
12:3912:39, 28 April 2024 diff hist +593‎ N Dipyridamole ‎ Created page with "'''Dipyridamole''' is an antiplatelet drug. It's rarely used, but may be indicated for the prevention of ischaemic stroke. It's often combined with acetylsalicylic acid. It's a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. It increases the amount of cAMP in the platelets, which inhibits platelet aggregation. Dipyridamole is also a pharmacological "stressor", and can therefore be used to simulate physical stress in case of stress myocardial perfusion i..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:3512:35, 28 April 2024 diff hist +25‎ Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
12:3412:34, 28 April 2024 diff hist +493‎ N Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors ‎ Created page with "'''Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors''' are antiplatelets. They are mostly used for short-term treatment before and during percutaneous coronary intervention. They are administered by i.v. injection, == Compounds == * Abciximab * Eptifibatide * Tirofiban == Mechanism of action == These drugs bind to and inhibit the receptors glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, which prevents platelets from binding to each other and therefore preventing aggregation.<noinclude>Category:Pharmaco..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:3212:32, 28 April 2024 diff hist +906‎ N P2Y12 inhibitors ‎ Created page with "'''P2Y<sub>12</sub> inhibitors''' are antiplatelet drugs. They are are often used in combination with acetylsalicylic acid, which is called ''dual antiplatelet therapy'' (<abbr>DAPT</abbr>). However, they may also be used alone. == Compounds == * Clopidogrel (Plavix®) * Prasugrel (Efient®) * Ticagrelor (Brilique®) == Mechanism of action == These drugs inhibit the P2Y12 receptor, an ADP receptor which is found on platelets. This receptor binds ADP which is r..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:2812:28, 28 April 2024 diff hist +689‎ N Acetylsalicylic acid ‎ Created page with "{{:Stub}} '''Acetylsalicylic acid''' (ASA) is technically an NSAID, although it’s more frequently used as an antiplatelet rather than for its anti-inflammatory effects. It’s a very frequently used antiplatelet. ASA is given in much lower dose for use as an antiplatelet drug than when used as an anti-inflammatory. Antiplatelet dose is 50 – 150 mg/day and in an extended-release formulation (Albyl-E®) while anti-inflammatory dose is 500 m..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:2612:26, 28 April 2024 diff hist +1,862‎ N Antiplatelet drugs ‎ Created page with "'''Antiplatelet drugs''' are drugs which treat and prevent thrombosis by targeting the platelet's role in the coagulation cascade, thereby reducing the blood's tendency to form thrombi. As with anticoagulants, antiplatelets are also widely used in medicine (mostly cardiology and vascular surgery). Many patients are on antiplatelets. Unlike anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs can be combined. When there is vascular damage, receptors on the surface of platelet..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:1812:18, 28 April 2024 diff hist +3,154‎ Direct oral anticoagulants ‎ Removed redirect to Direct oral anticoagulant Tags: Removed redirect Visual edit: Switched
12:0512:05, 28 April 2024 diff hist +27‎ N Anticoagulants ‎ Redirected page to Anticoagulant current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
12:0412:04, 28 April 2024 diff hist +45‎ Low-molecular-weight heparin ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
12:0412:04, 28 April 2024 diff hist +6‎ Vitamin K antagonists ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
12:0412:04, 28 April 2024 diff hist +1,634‎ N Low-molecular-weight heparin ‎ Created page with "<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />The '''low-molecular-weight heparins''' (LMWH) are ''fractionated heparins'' as opposed to unfractionated heparin. These drugs are just fragments of the unfractionated heparin. They’re more predictable and have longer half-life than unfractionated heparin and are therefore preferred in most cases.<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> The LMWHs have a molecular weight of 3 – 4 kDa. == Compounds == * Enoxaparin (Clexane..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:5511:55, 28 April 2024 diff hist +76‎ N APTT ‎ Redirected page to Coagulation tests#Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:5211:52, 28 April 2024 diff hist +89‎ N International normalised ratio ‎ Redirected page to Coagulation tests#Prothrombin time and international normalised ratio (INR) current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:5211:52, 28 April 2024 diff hist +35‎ N Warfarin ‎ Redirected page to Vitamin K antagonists current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:5111:51, 28 April 2024 diff hist +1,872‎ N Anticoagulant ‎ Created page with "An '''anticoagulant''' is a drug which prevents or treat thrombosis by reducing the blood's tendency to form thrombi. Anticoagulant drugs are widely used in medicine, both in internal medicine and surgery. Many patients are on anticoagulants. Anticoagulant drugs are never combined. == Types == * Vitamin K antagonists (<abbr>VKA</abbr>) * Unfractionated heparin (<abbr>UFH</abbr>) * Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) * Direct oral anticoagulants (DO..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:4911:49, 28 April 2024 diff hist +21‎ N Unfractionated heparin ‎ Redirected page to Heparin current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:4711:47, 28 April 2024 diff hist +4,707‎ N Vitamin K antagonists ‎ Created page with "<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />The '''vitamin K antagonists''' (VKAs) are a group of anticoagulants. Most vitamin K antagonists are '''''coumarins''''', so the terms are often used interchangeably. However, there exist some VKAs which are not coumarins. The most commonly used VKA by far is '''warfarin''' (Marevan®, Coumadin®). These drugs are administered orally. <section end="clinical biochemistry" /> '''Dicumarol''' is another VKA, but du..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:4511:45, 28 April 2024 diff hist −1‎ Coagulation tests ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
11:4511:45, 28 April 2024 diff hist −1‎ Coagulation tests ‎No edit summary Tag: Visual edit
11:4411:44, 28 April 2024 diff hist −62‎ Coagulation tests ‎No edit summary Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:4311:43, 28 April 2024 diff hist +125‎ Coagulation tests ‎ →‎Prothrombin time and international normalised ratio (INR)
11:2611:26, 28 April 2024 diff hist +6‎ Heparin ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
11:2511:25, 28 April 2024 diff hist +89‎ N INR ‎ Redirected page to Coagulation tests#Prothrombin time and international normalised ratio (INR) current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:2311:23, 28 April 2024 diff hist +3,220‎ N Heparin ‎ Created page with "<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Heparin''', more specifically '''unfractionated heparin''' (UFH) to distinguish them from low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is an anticoagulant. It's administered by intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Nowadays LMWH have replaced many use cases of UFH, as it's as efficacious and more predictable anticoagulant effect.<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> Heparin isn’t actually a single molecule but a family of larg..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:1911:19, 28 April 2024 diff hist +76‎ N Activated partial thromboplastin time ‎ Redirected page to Coagulation tests#Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) current Tags: New redirect Visual edit

15:5715:57, 27 April 2024 diff hist +8‎ D-dimer ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
15:5715:57, 27 April 2024 diff hist +208‎ N 23. Blood coagulation: functional tests (PT, APTT, TT, fibrinogen, D-dimer). ‎ Created page with "= Coagulation tests = {{#lst:Coagulation tests|clinical biochemistry}} = Fibrin and fibrinogen = {{#lst:Fibrin|clinical biochemistry}} = D-dimer = {{:D-dimer}} Category:Clinical Biochemistry (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
15:5515:55, 27 April 2024 diff hist +1,060‎ N D-dimer ‎ Created page with "'''D-dimer''' is a fibrin degradation product. Its level in the blood correlates with the activity of coagulation and fibrinolysis. It’s highly sensitive for venous thromboembolism (including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and disseminated intravascular coagulation, in which case the level is increased. However, D-dimer is not specific. It can be elevated due to other conditions, like pregnancy, cancer, infection, kidney disease, surgery, etc..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched

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28 April 2024

27 April 2024