User contributions for Nikolas

10:3710:37, 24 November 2023 diff hist +794‎ N Vestibular schwannoma ‎ Created page with "* Acoustic neuroma = vestibular schwannoma ** In internal acoustic canal or cerebellopontine angle ** Benign tumor of Schwann cells ** Older adults ** Unilateral – spontaneous ** Bilateral – NF2 ** Clinical features *** Early symptoms **** Unilateral SNHL **** Tinnitus **** Dizziness **** Unsteady gait *** Late symptoms – compression of cerebellopontine angle **** Trigeminal nerve – paraesthesia or facial pain **** Facial nerve – facial palsy **** Cerebellum..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
10:3510:35, 24 November 2023 diff hist +65‎ N 12. Fluid systems of the labyrinth, Meniere’s disease, toxic lesions of the inner ear ‎ Created page with "{{:Inner ear}}{{:Meniere disease}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
10:3510:35, 24 November 2023 diff hist +867‎ N Meniere disease ‎ Created page with "* Meniere disease (idiopathic endolymphatic hydrops) ** Impaired resorption of endolymph causes accumulation ** Epidemiology *** Females *** Older adults ** Clinical features *** Meniere triad **** Episodes lasting from minutes to hours **** 3 yes 1 no **** Yes: Sensorineural HL **** Yes: Repeated attacks of vertigo **** Yes: Tinnitus **** No: No neurological signs ** Diagnosis *** Criteria **** >1 episode that lasts 20 minutes to 12 hours **** Low-mid frequency SN heari..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
10:3410:34, 24 November 2023 diff hist +1,463‎ N Inner ear ‎ Created page with "* Fluid systems of the labyrinth ** Membranous labyrinth *** Filled with K-rich endolymph *** Contains hair cells *** Divided into vestibule and cochlear duct ** Bony labyrinth *** Contains membranous labyrinth in Na-rich perilymph *** Three cavities **** Scala media (cochlear duct) ***** Filled with endolymph ***** Basilar membrane forms the floor of it **** Scala vestibuli ***** Filled with perilymph ***** Above and separated from scala media ***** Connected to scala t..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched

14:3514:35, 23 November 2023 diff hist +69‎ N 11. Otosclerosis, tympanosclerosis ‎ Created page with "{{:Otosclerosis}}{{:Tympanosclerosis}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
14:3514:35, 23 November 2023 diff hist +412‎ N Tympanosclerosis ‎ Created page with "* Tympanosclerosis ** Scarring of tympanic membrane and cavity due to recurrent otitis externa or media ** Asymptomatic or conductive hearing loss due to fixation of ossicles ** White calcified plaques on otoscopy ** Myringosclerosis – only tympanic membrane *** Rarely symptoms ** Treatment *** Surgical removal of sclerosis **** Usually recurs <noinclude>Category:Ear, nose, throat (ENT)‎</noinclude>" current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:3414:34, 23 November 2023 diff hist +506‎ N Otosclerosis ‎ Created page with "* Otosclerosis ** Abnormal bone growth of the bony labyrinth ** The stapes becomes increasingly fixated to the oval window -> progressive conductive HL ** Can also affect cochlea ** Epidemiology *** Whites *** Females *** Adults ** 50% autosomal dominant, 50% sporadically ** Diagnosis *** Decreased air conduction on pure tone *** Carhart notch on audiogram *** Normal otoscopy ** Treatment *** Stapes replaced by prosthesis – stapedotomy <noinclude>‎Category:Ear, n..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:3414:34, 23 November 2023 diff hist +58‎ N 10. Trauma of the temporal bone (longitudinal, transverse fractures) ‎ Created page with "{{:Temporal bone fracture}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
14:3314:33, 23 November 2023 diff hist +1,487‎ N Temporal bone fracture ‎ Created page with "* Temporal bone fracture ** Often with fractures of calvaria and brain injury ** Thin-slice CT ** Complications *** CSF leak **** Air in intracranial cavity **** CSF otorrhoea **** CSF rhinorrhoea **** Meningitis **** Brain abscess **** Surgery only if it persists *** Cochleovestibular symptoms **** Conductive (fluid in middle ear) **** Sensorineural (fracture of labyrinth) ***** Vertigo ***** Nausea *** Facial nerve symptoms ** Types *** Longitudinal fractures **** Frac..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:3214:32, 23 November 2023 diff hist +459‎ N 9. Disorders of the inner ear, congenital malformations, hereditary deafness ‎ Created page with "* Disorders of the inner ear ** Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ** Trauma ** Labyrinthitis *** Complication of AOM *** Hearing loss *** Vertigo ** Vestibular neuritis *** Idiopathic *** Possibly viral *** No hearing loss *** Vertigo *** Positive head thrust test ** Acoustic neuroma ** Meniere syndrome Congenital malformations {{:Congenital malformations of the inner ear}} Hereditary deafness {{:Hereditary deafness}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
14:3114:31, 23 November 2023 diff hist +335‎ N Hereditary deafness ‎ Created page with "* Syndromic hereditary hearing loss ** Down syndrome * Non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss ** Congenital form *** Autosomal recessive *** Only lack of hearing *** Symmetrical *** Present at birth ** Later-onset form *** Hearing loss occurs later *** Autosomal dominant <noinclude>Category:Ear, nose, throat (ENT)‎</noinclude>" current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:3114:31, 23 November 2023 diff hist +279‎ N Congenital malformations of the inner ear ‎ Created page with "* Michel aplasia = complete labyrinthine aplasia * Mondini aplasia ** 1,5 turns of cochlea instead of 2,5 ** Sensorineural hearing loss * Congenital CSF otorrhoea ** Fistula of oval window * Thalidomide embryopathy <noinclude>‎Category:Ear, nose, throat (ENT)</noinclude>" current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:2814:28, 23 November 2023 diff hist +54‎ N 8. Idiopathic facial nerve palsy, Bell palsy ‎ Created page with "{{:Facial nerve palsy}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
14:2814:28, 23 November 2023 diff hist −1,817‎ 9A. Peripheral facial palsy (Bell-paresis) ‎ Replaced content with "{{:Facial nerve palsy}} Category:Neurology 2" current Tags: Replaced Visual edit
14:2714:27, 23 November 2023 diff hist +1,950‎ N Facial nerve palsy ‎ Created page with "'''Facial nerve palsy''' is a peripheral lesion of the facial nerve. In the cases where this lesion is idiopathic, the condition is called '''Bell’s palsy'''. ==Etiology== *Idiopathic (= Bell’s palsy) *Infection **VZV (herpes zoster oticus/Ramsay Hunt syndrome) **Lyme disease *Trauma (involving pyramidal bone) *Parotid tumour *Brainstem stroke (involving facial nucleus) Bell’s palsy is caused by idiopathic inflammation of CN VII in the facial canal...." current Tag: Visual edit
14:2614:26, 23 November 2023 diff hist +29‎ N LP ‎ Redirected page to Lumbar puncture current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
13:2913:29, 23 November 2023 diff hist +43‎ N 7. Complications of suppurative otitis media ‎ Created page with "See topic 6. Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
13:2913:29, 23 November 2023 diff hist +714‎ Acute otitis media ‎No edit summary current Tag: Visual edit
13:2613:26, 23 November 2023 diff hist +91‎ N 6. Suppurative otitis media (acute, chronic) ‎ Created page with "{{:Acute otitis media}}{{:Chronic suppurative otitis media}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
13:2613:26, 23 November 2023 diff hist +919‎ N Chronic suppurative otitis media ‎ Created page with "* Chronic suppurative otitis media ** Persistent drainage from middle ear through perforated tympanic membrane lasting > 6 weeks *** Perforated tympanic membrane usually heals within weeks *** No healing -> sign of chronic inflammation ** Older children ** Bacteria enter through perforated TM ** Clinical features *** 3 yes 1 no *** Yes: Perforation of TM *** Yes: Ear discharge *** Yes: Conductive hearing loss *** No: No pain ** Two types *** Mesotympanic **** Central per..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:2513:25, 23 November 2023 diff hist +1,037‎ N Acute otitis media ‎ Created page with "* Acute (suppurative) otitis media ** Epidemiology *** Infants *** Small children *** 80% by 3 years of age ** Etiology *** Bacterial superinfection (on viral <abbr>URTI</abbr>) which ascends through eustachian tube *** S. pneumoniae *** H. influenzae ** Risk factors *** Previous AOM *** Chronic otitis media *** Parental smoking ** Protective factors *** Prolonged breastfeeding *** Pneumococcal vaccine ** Clinical features *** Ear pain **** Infants repeatedly touch the e..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:2213:22, 23 November 2023 diff hist +62‎ N 5. Serous otitis media (acute, chronic) ‎ Created page with "{{:Otitis media with effusion}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
13:2213:22, 23 November 2023 diff hist +1,026‎ N Otitis media with effusion ‎ Created page with "* Serous otitis media = otitis media with effusion * Middle ear fluid without acute signs of infection * Due to obstruction of Eustachian tube -> air absorbed in middle ear -> negative pressure in middle ear -> exudate in middle ear * Usually resolves by itself * Risk factors ** Cleft palate and other midface anomalies ** 6 – 18 months ** Impaired ventilation of middle ear *** Upper respiratory viral infection with swelling *** Obstruction of eustachian tube by tumor o..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:1312:13, 23 November 2023 diff hist +112‎ N 4. Diseases of the tympanic membrane, tumours of the external ear (benign, malignant tumours) ‎ Created page with "{{:Tympanic membrane}} Tumours of external ear {{:Tumours of the external ear}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
12:1212:12, 23 November 2023 diff hist +261‎ N Tumours of the external ear ‎ Created page with "* Most are epithelial * Kerato-acanthoma * Rheumatoid nodules * Epidermal cyst * Haemangioma * Seborrheic keratosis * Atheroma * Actinic keratosis * Cutaneous horn * BCC * SCC * Malignant melanoma <noinclude>‎Category:Ear, nose, throat (ENT)</noinclude>" current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:1212:12, 23 November 2023 diff hist +902‎ N Tympanic membrane ‎ Created page with "* Divided into four quadrants be the longitudinal axis of the handle of the malleus and a line perpendicular to it * Anterosuperior quadrant ** Pars tensa * Posterosuperior quadrant ** Vessels ** Nerves ** Middle ear bones * Anteroinferior quadrant ** Light reflex * Posteroinferior quadrant ** Nothing * Surgery ** Paracentesis – needle puncture to drain fluid ** Myringotomy – incision, insertion of tube ** Anteroinferior or posteroinferior quadrant! * Diseases ** Per..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:1012:10, 23 November 2023 diff hist +78‎ N 3. Diseases of the pinna and the external ear canal ‎ Created page with "{{:Diseases of the auricle}}{{:Otitis externa}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
12:1012:10, 23 November 2023 diff hist +567‎ N Otitis externa ‎ Created page with "* External ear canal ** Outer third is cartilage, inner 2/3 is bone ** Thin keratinized stratified squamous epithelium ** Contains ceruminous glands -> produce cerumen ** Diseases *** Swimming, Q-tip use, scratching *** Acute **** Diffuse otitis externa **** Circumscribed otitis externa **** Bullous otitis externa *** Chronic **** Necrotizing otitis externa (pseudomonas) **** Eczema **** Fungal infection (otomycosis) **** Cholesteatoma ** Symptoms *** Otorrhoea *** Pain..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:0612:06, 23 November 2023 diff hist +653‎ N Diseases of the auricle ‎ Created page with "* Auricle (pinna) ** Elastic cartilage ** Collects sound waves ** Diseases *** Malformations **** Protruding ears **** Auricular appendages **** Congenital auricular fistulas ***** Infections **** Microtia **** Anotia **** Stenosis of ear canal **** Creased lobule (CAD) *** Inflammation (often bacterial/viral) **** Often with otitis externa **** Acute ***** Herpes zoster oticus ***** Cellulitis, dermatitis ***** Perichondritis **** Chronic ***** Eczema *** Trauma **** Pe..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:0412:04, 23 November 2023 diff hist +56‎ N 2. Otoacoustic emissions, brainstem evoked response audiometry ‎ Created page with "{{:Objective audiometry}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
12:0312:03, 23 November 2023 diff hist +1,273‎ N Objective audiometry ‎ Created page with "* Objective audiometry ** Doesn’t depend on cooperation and subjective responses of patient * Otoacoustic emissions ** Vibrations of hair cells in cochlea are transmitted back through the conducting apparatus ** Test can only be performed if the middle ear function is normal ** A microphone in the ear canal can detect otoacoustic emissions ** Test reflects functional integrity of cochlea ** Indications *** Screening for cochlear function in newborns **** Cochlear lesio..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:0212:02, 23 November 2023 diff hist +74‎ N 1. Pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry ‎ Created page with "{{:Subjective audiometry}}{{:Hearing loss}} Category:ENT (POTE course)" current Tag: Visual edit
12:0112:01, 23 November 2023 diff hist +41‎ N Category:Ear, nose, throat (ENT) (POTE course) ‎ Nikolas moved page Category:Ear, nose, throat (ENT) (POTE course) to Category:ENT (POTE course) current Tag: New redirect
12:0112:01, 23 November 2023 diff hist 0‎ m Category:ENT (POTE course) ‎ Nikolas moved page Category:Ear, nose, throat (ENT) (POTE course) to Category:ENT (POTE course) current
12:0112:01, 23 November 2023 diff hist +2,338‎ N Hearing loss ‎ Created page with "* Conductive hearing loss ** Impaired conduction of sound through outer ear, tympanic membrane or middle ear ** Children and young adults ** Etiology *** Tympanic membrane perforation *** Otitis media with effusion *** Barotrauma *** Otosclerosis ** Diagnosis *** Pure tone audiometry **** Auditory threshold increased for air conduction **** Auditory threshold normal for bone conduction *** Speech audiometry **** Increasing loudness eventually leads to 100% speech compreh..." Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:0012:00, 23 November 2023 diff hist +649‎ N Subjective audiometry ‎ Created page with "* Subjective audiometry ** Involve attention, reaction time, cooperation, etc * Pure tone audiometry ** The patient is played various frequencies through a headphone (air conduction) and a bone oscillator on mastoid bones ** Various frequencies are played -> patient gives signal when hearing the sound ** Auditory threshold is determined for each frequency for each modality * Speech audiometry ** Increasingly loud words are played, which the patient should repeat *** The..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:5511:55, 23 November 2023 diff hist +21‎ N Category:ENT (POTE course) ‎ Created page with "Category:4th year" Tag: Visual edit
11:5411:54, 23 November 2023 diff hist +29‎ N Category:Ear, nose, throat (ENT) ‎ Created page with "Category:Pages by subject" current Tag: Visual edit
11:4911:49, 23 November 2023 diff hist +9,678‎ N Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation ‎ Created page with "There are two types of '''haematopoietic stem cell transplantation''', autologous and allogenous. == Autologous stem cell transplantation == Autologous stem cell transplantation refers to removing and storing the patient’s own hematopoietic stem cells, which are later re-transfused back into the patient after high dose myeloablative chemotherapy. It’s a very safe procedure. However, relapse occurs in 40 – 75% of patients. Nowadays 98% autologous transplants are p..." current Tag: Visual edit
11:4711:47, 23 November 2023 diff hist +39‎ N CML ‎ Redirected page to Chronic myeloid leukaemia current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:4711:47, 23 November 2023 diff hist +37‎ N AML ‎ Redirected page to Acute myeloid leukaemia current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:4611:46, 23 November 2023 diff hist +43‎ N ALL ‎ Redirected page to Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:4111:41, 23 November 2023 diff hist +2,602‎ N Neuropathic pain ‎ Created page with "'''Neuropathic pain''' or '''neuralgia''' is pain which occurs due to injury or disorder of the somatosensory nervous system, either peripherally or sentrally. This is in contrast to nociceptive pain, which is pain due to noxious stimulation of pain receptors. It’s usually chronic and debilitating, and unfortunately relatively prevalent (3 – 10% of population). == Etiology == * Peripheral causes ** Polyneuropathy (like diabetes, cytos..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:3611:36, 23 November 2023 diff hist +2,659‎ N Electromyography and electroneurography ‎ Created page with "'''Electromyography''' (EMG) and '''electroneurography''' (ENoG, also called '''nerve conduction studies''' (NCS)) are both neurophysiological studies. EMG measures the electrical activity of muscles in response to neural stimulation, while NCS records the conduction of action potentials along the nerve fibres. These investigations are sensitive but not disease specific. They provide information as to whether the patient’s problem are due to problems with the muscle,..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:3211:32, 23 November 2023 diff hist +26‎ Lumbar puncture ‎No edit summary
11:3111:31, 23 November 2023 diff hist +2,779‎ N Electroencephalography ‎ Created page with "'''Electroencephalography''' (EEG) assesses the electrical activity of the brain via electrodes attached to the scalp. Electrical activity is different across different parts of the brain, and so many electrodes are needed to assess the different areas of the brain, usually 10 – 20 electrodes. A routine EEG is 30 – 60 minutes long. EEG is an important tool to evaluate a patient with possible epilepsy. Sometimes repeated recordings are necessary to make the diagn..." current Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:2911:29, 23 November 2023 diff hist +3,354‎ N Lumbar puncture ‎ Created page with "Cerebrospinal fluid can be assessed in the evaluation of many neurological conditions. CSF is mostly obtained by '''lumbar puncture''' (LP). The CSF pressure can also be measured during lumbar puncture. == Indications == * Assessment of CSF, in the evaluation of ** CNS infection or inflammation (meningitis, encephalitis) ** CNS malignancy or paraneoplastic syndrome ** Subarachnoid haemorrhage ** Gullain-Barré syndrome ** Multiple sclerosis ** [..." Tag: Visual edit
11:2611:26, 23 November 2023 diff hist +65‎ N Local anaesthesia ‎ Redirected page to Peripheral regional anaesthesia#Local anaesthesia current Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:2311:23, 23 November 2023 diff hist +29‎ N Category:Neurology ‎ Created page with "Category:Pages by subject" current Tag: Visual edit
11:2111:21, 23 November 2023 diff hist +45‎ Gastrointestinal bleeding ‎No edit summary Tag: Visual edit

24 November 2023

23 November 2023