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10:25, 4 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (Redirected page to Anomalous pulmonary venous return) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
10:25, 4 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (Redirected page to Anomalous pulmonary venous return) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
10:24, 4 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Anomalous pulmonary venous return (Created page with "'''Anomalous pulmonary venous return''' refers to a form of rare cyanotic congenital heart disease characterised by som or all of the pulmonary venous return entering the systemic circulation through embryological connections. In case of '''total anomalous pulmonary venous return''' (TAPVR), the entire pulmonary venous return enters the systemic circulation, while in case of '''partial anomalous pulmonary venous return''' (PAPVR), only some of the pulmonary venous r...") Tag: Visual edit
14:49, 28 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Pericardial effusion (Created page with "'''Pericardial effusion''' refers to accumulation of pathological amounts of fluid in the pericardial cavity. In physiological cases there is 15-50 mL of fluid in the cavity. It may cause cardiac tamponade, which is an emergency. If the fluid is blood it's called haemopericardium. == Etiology == * Pericarditis * Tuberculosis * Following heart surgery * Thoracic injury * Metastasis == Pathomechanism == In cases where the fluid accumulates quickly, only small amount...") Tag: Visual edit
13:13, 28 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Chest X-ray (Redirected page to Chest radiography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
12:08, 28 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Pulmonary hypertension (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />'''Pulmonary hypertension''' (PH) is defined as elevated blood pressure beyond 20 mmHg MAP in the pulmonary artery (physiological MAP is 10-20). It most commonly occurs as a consequence of heart disease or lung disease. '''Pulmonary arterial hypertension''' (PAH) is one form of pulmonary hypertension which is not due to the above. Pulmonary hypertension is relatively common, the prevalence being approximately 1%, mostly due to the high prev...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:41, 28 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Pretest probability (Redirected page to Pre-test probability) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
22:07, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Pulmonary oedema (Created page with "'''Pulmonary oedema''' refers to accumulation of fluid in the alveoli. == Etiology == We distinguish cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic causes of pulmonary oedema: * Cardiogenic causes ** Acute heart failure ** Acute aortic stenosis ** Acute mitral regurgitation * Non-cardiogenic causes ** Acute respiratory distress syndrome ** High altitude ** Vaping products ** Opioid overdose == Pathomechanism == In cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, elevated pulmonary...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:44, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Cardiac computed tomography (Created page with "'''Cardiac CT''' is a frequently performed modality for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Commonly used techniques include coronary CT angiography and calcium scoring. A beta blocker and nitrate are usually given beforehand. The beta blocker reduces the heart rate to the ideal 60 bpm, while the nitrate dilates the coronary arteries, improving visualisation. Cardiac CT can be “coupled” to an ECG so that it only takes pictures during the same...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:21, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (Created page with "'''Cardiac MRI''' (sometimes called CMR) is an infrequently used modality in the evaluation of heart disease. It's mostly used for the evaluation of myocardium, either in case of myocarditis or evaluation of complications of acute myocardial infarction. It can measure ejection fraction and volume of the myocardium, among other parametres. <noinclude>Category:Cardiology Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)</noinclude>") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:15, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page MRI (Redirected page to Magnetic resonance imaging) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
21:11, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Echocardiography (Created page with "'''Echocardiography''' refers to the use of ultrasonography to evaluate the heart. With the help of duplex ultrasonography, one can estimate the pressure gradient across valves, the speed of blood through valves, and the pressure of the pulmonary vasculature. There are two types: * Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) ** Least invasive ** Easiest to do ** Usually the first choice ** What one usually means when they just say "echocardiography" * Transoesophageal ech...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
20:56, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 8. Interstitial pulmonary diseases. Pulmonary fibrosis. Silicosis. Emphysema. (Created page with "= Interstitial lung disease = {{#lst:Interstitial lung disease|radiology}} = COPD = {{#lst:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|radiology}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
20:45, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Interstitial lung disease (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />'''Interstitial lung disease''' (ILD), also called '''diffuse parenchymal lung disease''', is a group of disorders characterised by fibrosis of the lungs. There are many different types. The name implies that these disorders only affect the interstitium of the lung and not the parenchyma (the airways and alveoli), but many of these disorders affect the parenchyma as well. It's more common in males, but ILD is rare overall. == Etiology == Th...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:54, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 7. Pneumothorax and hydrothorax. Etiology, radiologic characteristics. (Created page with "= Pneumothorax = {{#lst:Pneumothorax|radiology}} = Pleural effusion = {{:Pleural effusion}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
13:50, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Pleural effusion (Created page with "'''Pleural effusion''', also called '''hydrothorax''', refers to the presence of fluid in the pleural cavity. If visible on a chest radiograph, there are at least 100 mL of fluid. If there is simultaneous pneumothorax, the condition is called '''hydropneumothorax'''. == Etiology and types == * Types according to composition and cause ** Transudates (hydrothorax/HTX) *** Heart failure *** Hypoalbuminaemia **** Cirrhosis **** Nephrotic syndrome ** Exuda...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:43, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Hydrothorax (Redirected page to Pleural effusion) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
13:31, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 6. Pulmonary embolism. Diagnosis and diagnostic difficulties. (Created page with "{{#lst:Pulmonary embolism|radiology}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
13:20, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 5. Thoracic masses. Imaging strategy, differential diagnosis. (Created page with "= Lung masses = {{:Lung nodule and lung mass}} = Mediastinal tumours = {{:Mediastinal tumour}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
12:14, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 4. Imaging of pneumonias. (Created page with "{{#lst:Pneumonia|radiology}}") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:11, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 3. Fundamentals of ultrasound physics. Ultrasound methods. Patient preparation before examination. (Created page with "{{:Ultrasonography}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
12:08, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page X-ray (Redirected page to Radiography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
12:08, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Lung nodule and lung mass (Created page with "* Lung anatomy ** Primary lung lobule *** Not so important in radiology ** '''Secondary lung lobule''' *** Represent a cluster of up to 30 acini supplied by a common distal pulmonary artery and bronchiole *** Have polyhedral shape *** '''Bounded by intralobular septa''' **** '''Are visible as Kerley B lines in pulmonary oedema''' * Lung mass < 3 cm = nodule * Lung mass > 3 cm = mass * Modalities ** X-ray ** CT ** PET * Benign vs malignant ** Characteristics of benign mas...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
12:06, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Lung mass (Redirected page to Lung nodule and lung mass) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
12:05, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Lung nodule (Redirected page to Lung nodule and lung mass) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
12:02, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Chest radiography (Created page with "'''Chest radiography''', often called '''chest x-ray''', is a commonly performed radiological procedure. Some indications include: * Symptoms ** Dyspnoea ** Chronic cough * Suspicion of ** Pneumonia ** Pleural effusion ** Heart failure ** Lung cancer == Findings == See also imaging of pneumonia. * White-out of a hemithorax ** Complete opacification of one hemithorax ** Differential diagnosis *** Total pneumonectomy *** Extended pleural effu...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:58, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Chest x-ray (Redirected page to Chest radiography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:42, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Ultrasonography (Created page with "* Fundamentals of ultrasound ** '''High-frequency sound waves produced by a transducer are used to make images''' *** '''2 – 20 MHz''' *** '''Higher frequency waves penetrate less deeply into the tissue but has increased resolution''' **** '''High-frequency waves used for superficial structures''' **** '''Low-frequency waves used for deep structures''' ** '''Image is made by sending high-frequency sound into the patient and measuring the magnitude and time of returnin...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:41, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Ultrasound (Redirected page to Ultrasonography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:40, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 2. The fundamentals of CT and MRI imaging, examination methods. (Created page with "{{:Computed tomography}}{{:Magnetic resonance imaging}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
11:38, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page MR (Created page with "MR may refer to magnetic resonance imaging or mitral regurgitation.") Tag: Visual edit
11:38, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page MRi (Redirected page to Magnetic resonance imaging) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:38, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Magnetic resonance imaging (Created page with "* Magnetic resonance imaging ** Magnetic fields applied to the body align hydrogen atoms in the body *** When the fields are released, radio waves are released *** These radio waves are detected, and the frequency of the waves depend on the environment of the atoms (the tissues) ** Especially used for CNS, joints, heart, angiography (visualization of vessels) ** '''Can’t be used for people with old pacemakers''' *** (Can be used with new pacemakers) ** MRi contrast age...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:36, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Computed tomography (Created page with "* Fundamentals of Computed Tomography (CT) ** Passing a rotating fan beam of x-rays through the patient *** Basically many x-rays at different angles around the patient ** Computer can generate many images from different angles from a single examination *** Can even generate a 3D image ** '''10 – 100x more radiation than x-ray''' ** '''The appearance of tissues on CT''' *** '''Densities are generally the same as for x-rays''' *** '''Bright on CT = high density''' *** '...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:35, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 1. The fundamentals of X-ray imaging. X-ray equipments. Radiation protection. (Created page with "{{:Radiography}}{{:Radiation biology}}{{:Fluoroscopy}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
11:33, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Radiation biology (Created page with "* Radiation ** '''Absorbed radiation is measured by Gray (Gy)''' *** '''It does not take into account the biological effect of radiation''' ** '''Health effects of radiation is measured by Sievert (Sv)''' *** '''It does take into account the biological effect of radiation''' ** '''Types of radiation used for therapy''' *** Gamma rays (?) **** Used in stereotactic radiosurgery with gamma knife *** '''Alpha radiation''' **** Radium-223 **** For example for bone metastases...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
10:30, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Fluoroscopy (Created page with "* Fluoroscopy = Real-time x-ray imaging * 30 frames/second generally * 120 frames/second for heart imaging * Often used with contrast ** Fluoroscopy allows you to see with high temporal solution (many fps) the movement of contrast * Can be recorded as a movie, and single frames can be examined * Indications ** Interventional cardiology ** Peripheral angiography ** GI ** Barium swallow <noinclude>Category:Radiology‎</noinclude>") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
10:29, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Radiography (Created page with "* Fundamentals of x-ray ** '''X-rays (electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 0,01 – 10 nm''' *** '''Hard x-rays''' **** '''Higher energy''' **** '''> 90 kV''' **** Wavelength < 0,1 nm **** '''Penetrate tissues better''' **** '''The type mostly used in medicine''' *** '''Soft x-rays''' **** '''Lower energy''' **** '''< 40 kV''' **** Wavelength > 0,1 nm **** '''Highlights differences between tissues with similar x-ray absorption''' ***** '''Used in mammography'''...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
10:18, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course) (Created page with "Category:4th year") Tag: Visual edit
10:17, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Radiology (Created page with "Category:Pages by subject") Tag: Visual edit
09:59, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page II. A. Clinical tests (Created page with "{{:Physical examination in ENT}} Category:ENT (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
09:59, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Physical examination in ENT (Created page with "* Weber and Rinne test ** Used to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss ** Weber *** Tuning fork placed on the forehead. *** In case of conductive hearing loss, the tone is lateralised (louder) to the side with decreased hearing. *** In case of sensorineural hearing loss, the tone is lateralised to the side opposite of the one with decreased hearing ** Rinne *** Tuning fork placed in front of ear opening and on the mastoid process. *** In case...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
09:50, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 36. Vertigo in otolaryngologic practice (Created page with "= Vertigo = {{:Vertigo}} = Vestibular neuritis = {{:Vestibular neuritis}} = Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo = {{:Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo}} = Meniere disease = {{:Meniere disease}} Category:ENT (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
08:44, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Vestibular neuritis (Created page with "'''Vestibular neuritis''', also called '''labyrinthitis''' or '''acute unilateral vestibulopathy''', is a disorder characterised by sudden loss of function of the vestibular nerve on one side. It's usually acute, but almost always completely reversible. It's a common cause of vertigo and acute vestibular syndrome. == Etiology == As the name implies, vestibular neuritis is assumed to be secondary to inflammation. The prevailing theory is that it's caused by reactiva...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
08:38, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page HINTS (Redirected page to Vertigo#HINTS) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
08:26, 27 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo (Created page with "'''Benign positional paroxysmal vertigo''' (BPPV) is a cause of recurring vertigo which occurs due to canalolithiasis, stones in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. The peak incidence is in the 50s and it affects females more often. There are two types, posterior canal BPPV (90% of cases) and horisontal canal BPPV (10%). == Clinical features == BPPV causes paroxysmal positional harmonic vestibular signs. Paroxysmal and positional meaning that the symptoms oc...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
22:33, 26 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Vertigo (Created page with "'''Vertigo''' is the sensation that you are moving, or everything moves around you. It's a common symptom in a variety of disorders, ranging from harmless to life-threatening. '''Acute vestibular syndrome''' is defined as the presence of severe vertigo lasting more than 24 hours which causes nausea and vomiting and an intolerance to head movement (because it makes the vertigo worse). == Etiology == The most common causes include: * Non-ENT causes ** Orthostatic hypot...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
22:00, 26 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 35. Tumours of the oesophagus, dysphagia (Created page with "= Oesophageal cancer = {{:Oesophageal cancer}} = Dysphagia = {{:Dysphagia}} Category:ENT (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:59, 26 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Dysphagia (Created page with "* Dysphagia can be divided into two types ** Oropharyngeal type *** Etiology **** Tumor in oropharynx **** Pharyngitis **** Parkinson **** Stroke *** Clinical features **** Coughing **** Inability to initiate swallow **** Nasal regurgitation ** Oesophageal type *** Etiology **** Oesophagitis ***** HSV ***** Candida **** Oesophageal cancer **** Oesophageal diverticula **** Achalasia **** (Nutcracker oesophagus) **** (Diffuse oesophageal spasm) **** Scleroderma **** Autono...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:58, 26 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 34. Foreign bodies in the bronchial system, foreign bodies of the oesophagus (Created page with "Foreign body aspiration {{:Foreign body aspiration}} Foreign body in oesophagus {{:Foreign body in the oesophagus}} Category:ENT (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit