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- Weber and Rinne test
- Used to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
- Weber
- Tuning fork placed on the forehead.
- In case of no hearing loss, the tone is heard equally well on both sides.
- In case of conductive hearing loss, the tone is lateralised to (louder on) the side with decreased hearing.
- In case of sensorineural hearing loss, the tone is lateralised to the side opposite of the one with decreased hearing
- Rinne
- Tuning fork placed in front of ear opening and on the mastoid process.
- In case of conductive hearing loss, the tone is heard best on the mastoid process (called Rinne negative)
- In case of no hearing loss or sensorineural hearing loss, the tone is heard best in front of the ear opening (called Rinne positive)
- Spontaneous vestibular signs
- Head impulse test
- Romberg test
- Stand with eyes closed for 30 seconds and observe for swaying to one side
- Unterberger stepping test
- 50 steps with eyes closed
- Finger to nose test
- Walking with eyes closed
- Smooth eye tracking of objects
- Horizontal and vertical tracking test
- Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre
- Examinations of the neck, lymph nodes, thyroid
- Examinations of facial nerve
- Forehead wrinkling
- Closing eyes tightly
- Nose wrinkling
- Inflate cheeks
- Smiling
- Whistling
- Taste
- Examinations of meningeal signs
- Triad
- Nuchal rigidity (inability to flex neck forward)
- Headache
- Photophobia
- Kernig sign
- Supine patient
- Flexion of hip joint with knees in 90 degrees -> painful passive extension of the knee joint
- Brudzinski sign
- Supine patient
- Passive flexion of the neck -> patient involuntarily lifts legs
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