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• 13:02, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Lipoprotein transport.png
• 13:02, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Lipoprotein transport.png
• 13:01, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:HMG-CoA fates.png
• 13:01, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:HMG-CoA fates.png
• 13:00, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 8. Structure and biological activities of steroids (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What are steroids? * What is the structure of steroids? * What are bile acids? * What are the functions of bile acids? * Which organs are involved in vitamin D synthesis? === General === thumb|''The typical steroid structure, with the numbering of the carbon atoms. From wikipedia'' Steroids are a type of organic molecule with a specific steroid structure. The steroid core is composed of seventeen carbon atoms...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:59, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Steroid structure.png
• 12:59, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Steroid structure.png
• 12:58, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 7. Synthesis of complex lipids (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What is the structure of complex lipids? * What is the function of complex lipids? * What are phospholipids? * What are sphingolipids? * What are the four steps of complex lipid synthesis? * What is the function of ''phospholipases''? * What is arachidonic acid, and what is its significance? === General === Storage lipids (triacylglycerols) are comprised of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids which are bound to the glycerol by ester...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:57, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Phospholipases.png
• 12:57, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Phospholipases.png
• 12:44, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 6. Fatty acid synthesis (with elongation and desaturation) (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * Where does fatty acid synthesis take place? * What are the limitations of fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol of human cells? * What are the limitations of fatty acid synthesis of human cells overall? * How are odd-chained fatty acids produced? * Which substrates and how much of each are required for synthesis of one molecule of palmitate? * How is acetyl-CoA transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol? * Describe one cycle of ''fatty...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:43, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 5. Coordinated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What is the function of glucokinase? * How is glucokinase different from other types of hexokinase? * How are the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis regulated? * What activates <abbr>PP2A</abbr>? * How does insulin regulate PFK-2/FBPase-2? * How does glucagon regulate PFK-2/FBPase-2? * How is pyruvate kinase regulated? * How does acetyl-CoA regulate gluconeogenesis and glucose breakdown? === Regulation of glucokinase === There are 4 different...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:42, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Acetyl-CoA regulates.png
• 12:42, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Acetyl-CoA regulates.png
• 12:42, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Insulin and glucagon on PFK-2-FBPase-2.png
• 12:42, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Insulin and glucagon on PFK-2-FBPase-2.png
• 12:41, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:F26BP on PFK1 and FBPase-1.png
• 12:41, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:F26BP on PFK1 and FBPase-1.png
• 12:40, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Reciprocal regulation PFK1 and FBPase-1.png
• 12:40, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Reciprocal regulation PFK1 and FBPase-1.png
• 12:39, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 4. Regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * Which protein regulates both ''glycogen synthase'' and ''glycogen phosphorylase?'' * What is the function of ''casein kinase II''? * What is the net result of insulin on glycogen metabolism? * What is the net result of glucagon and epinephrine on glycogen metabolism? * How does insulin regulate ''glycogen synthase''? * How does insulin regulate ''glycogen phosphorylase''? * How does glucagon regulate ''glycogen synthase?'' * How does glucag...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:38, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glycogen synthase regulation.png
• 12:38, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glycogen synthase regulation.png
• 12:38, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glycogen phosphorylase regulation.png
• 12:38, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glycogen phosphorylase regulation.png
• 12:35, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 3. Glycogen synthesis and degradation (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What is the function of glycogen? * Describe the structure of glycogen. * What are the fates of glycogen in skeletal muscle? * What are the fates of glycogen in the liver? * Why is it an advantage that glycogen is branched? * Which enzymes are involved in the synthesis of glycogen? * Which enzymes are involved in the breakdown of glycogen? === General === Glycogen is the most important molecule for storing carbohydrates in humans. It’s a...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:34, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glycogen degradation.png
• 12:34, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glycogen degradation.png
• 12:34, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 2. Gluconeogenesis (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * When is gluconeogenesis active? * In which cellular compartments does gluconeogenesis take place? * By which transporter does glucose leave the cell? * What are the substrates of gluconeogenesis, and where do they originate from? * In which organs does gluconeogenesis take place? * What is the rate-limiting enzyme of the gluconeogenesis? * Why do we need certain exclusive enzymes for the gluconeogenesis? * Which enzymes of the gluconeogenes...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:33, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glucolysis vs gluconeogenesis.png
• 12:33, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glucolysis vs gluconeogenesis.png
• 12:33, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 1. Pentose phosphate pathway (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What is the substrate for the pentose phosphate pathway? * What are the products of the pentose phosphate pathway, and what are they used for? * Which other enzyme produces NADPH? * Where does the <abbr>PPP</abbr> take place? * What are the phases of the PPP? * What is glutathione and what is its importance? * What is the function of ''hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase?'' * What are the 5 possible fates of glucose 6-phosphate? * What is gluc...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:32, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Non-oxidative phase of PPP.png
• 12:32, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Non-oxidative phase of PPP.png
• 12:31, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Protein Kinase C pathway (Created page with "Protein kinase C (PKC) is activated in the signal pathways of many hormones. The most important ones are acetylcholine, angiotensin II, glutamate, histamine, vasopressin and oxytoxin. Vasopressin is shown in the figure as an example. Protein kinase C performs many functions of which we don’t have to know the details of. Some are shown on the figure, but other functions are receptor desensitization, membrane structure regulation, gene expression, immune response cell...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:30, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:PKC pathway.png
• 12:30, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:PKC pathway.png
• 12:29, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page AMPK pathway (Created page with "center|frameless|560x560px center|frameless|682x682px Category:Biochemistry help material") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:29, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:AMPK pathway 2.png
• 12:29, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:AMPK pathway 2.png
• 12:28, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:AMPK pathway 1.png
• 12:28, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:AMPK pathway 1.png
• 12:28, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Glucagon pathway (Redirected page to Protein Kinase A pathway) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
• 12:28, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Protein Kinase A pathway (Created page with "Protein kinase A (PKA) is the major downstream effector of many hormones, including glucagon, epinephrine, vasopressin, and neurotransmitters. The figure below shows multiple actions of PKA, but note that no single hormone effectuates all these changes. Glucagon and epinephrine mediate most of them. The effect of <abbr>PKA</abbr> on Aquaporin 2 and K+-channel is ''not'' activated by glucagon or epinephrine, but by vasopressin and neurotransmitters, respectively! File:P...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:24, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Protein kinase A pathway.png
• 12:24, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Protein kinase A pathway.png
• 12:23, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Insulin pathway (Created page with "frameless|671x671px {| class="wikitable" !Abbreviation !Name !Function |- |PDE |Phosphodiesterase |Degrade cAMP to 5′-AMP which inhibits <abbr>PKA</abbr> and therefore the effect of glucagon and epinephrine |- |IRS |Insulin receptor substrate |Activates MAPK and PDE |- |<abbr>PKB</abbr>/Akt |Protein kinase B (or Akt) |Activated by PDK1, mediates many of the insulin functions. |- |MAPK |MAP kinase |Activate a protein cascade called the MAP k...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:22, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Insulin pathway.png
• 12:22, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Insulin pathway.png
• 12:21, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Hexokinase and glucokinase (Created page with "Hexokinase is an enzyme which catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose into glucose 6-phosphate. There are multiple forms, from I to IV. Hexokinase IV is also called glucokinase. Glucokinase (hexokinase IV) differs from the other three types of hexokinase (hexokinase I, II and III) in multiple ways. They’re summarized in the table below. {| class="wikitable" !Property !Hexokinase (I, II, III) !Glucokinase (hexokinase IV) |- |Concentration of glucose where enzyme is ha...") Tag: Visual edit