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49. Clinical aspects of neoplasm. Paraneoplastic syndromes, tumour markers: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "== Clinical aspects of neoplasia == Neoplasms, even benign ones, have clinical consequences, like: * Compression of surrounding tissues * Produce hormones * Erosion, ulceration * Rupture or necrosis of tumour * Cachexia ** <abbr>TNF</abbr>-α * Paraneoplastic syndromes Compression of surrounding tissues is a common problem for neoplasms. Neoplasms in endocrine organs can disrupt the organs ability to produce the hormone. A neoplasm in the pituitary for example could co...")
 
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== Tumour markers ==
== Tumour markers ==
Many tumours produce enzymes, hormones or other molecules that can be detected in the blood with biochemical assays. They can contribute to detection of cancer, are useful in screening and can be used to determine the effectiveness of therapy. It’s important to note that the absence of a tumour marker doesn’t rule out the tumours presence, and the presence of a tumour marker isn’t always indicative of a tumour.
{{#lst:Tumour marker|pathology}}
 
The important tumour markers are:
{| class="wikitable"
!Marker
!Associated cancers
|-
|'''Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)'''
|'''Trophoblastic tumours, nonseminomatous testicular tumours'''
|-
|Calcitonin
|Medullary carcinoma of thyroid
|-
|Catecholamine and catecholamine metabolites
|Pheochromocytoma
|-
|Ectopic hormones
|Small-cell lung carcinoma, hepatocellular and pancreatic carcinomas
|-
|'''α-foetoprotein (AFP)'''
|'''Liver cell cancer, nonseminomatous testicular tumours'''
|-
|'''Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)'''
|'''Carcinomas of colon, pancreas, lung, stomach, heart'''
|-
|Prostatic acid phosphatase
|Prostate cancer
|-
|Neuron-specific enolase
|Small-cell lung cancer, neuroblastoma
|-
|Immunoglobulins
|Multiple myeloma
|-
|'''Prostate specific antigen (PSA)'''
|'''Prostate cancer'''
|-
|CA-125
|Ovarian cancer
|-
|'''CA-19-9'''
|'''Colon cancer, pancreatic cancer'''
|-
|CA-15-3
|Breast cancer
|}
''I think the bolded ones are the most important''
[[Category:Pathology 1 - Theoretical exam topics]]
[[Category:Pathology 1 - Theoretical exam topics]]