Pseudobulbar palsy
Appearance
A pseudobulbar palsy, also called a supranuclear lesion, refers to a bilateral lesion of the corticobulbar tracts. It's the "opposite" of a bulbar palsy.
- Pathophysiology
- Cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII are affected
- Equals an “upper motor neuron” lesion, with typical central motor lesion symptoms like spasticity and hyperreflexia
- Clinical features
- Stiff, spastic facial muscles -> no facial expressions
- Spastic dysarthria (Donald Duck voice)
- Dysphagia
- Spastic tongue
- Pseudobulbar affect/emotional incontinence
- Uncontrollable laughing or crying
- Think Joaquin Phoenix in the Joker
- CN V palsy -> exaggerated jaw jerk reflex
- Brisk gag reflex