Congenital anomalies of the urethra
Posterior urethral valve
- = tissue which obstructs the posterior urethra
- Common cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn males
- Only affects males
- Associated with pulmonary hypoplasia
- Diagnosis by voiding cystogram
- Treatment: Valve ablation with cystoscopy
Hypospadias
- External urethral opening on ventral penis
- Only symptomatic cases require surgery
Epispadias
- External urethral opening on dorsal penis
- Often associated with bladder exstrophy
- Treatment: surgery