Congenital anomalies of the kidney

From greek.doctor
  • Congenital solitary kidney
    • Usually asymptomatic
      • However, they have a higher risk for kidney disease and should be monitored regularly
    • The remaining kidney is usually hypertrophic
    • Anatomical congenital solitary kidney
      • The other kidney is absent (renal agenesis)
    • Functional congenital solitary kidney
      • The other kidney is non-functional
      • Renal aplasia, renal dysplasia, or renal hypoplasia
  • Horseshoe kidney
    • The left and right inferior poles are fused
    • Usually asymptomatic, but have increased risk of kidney disease
  • Ectopic kidney
    • Kidney is in abnormal position
    • Usually asymptomatic
  • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
    • Presents with chronic renal failure or hypertension in adulthood
    • Decreases life expectancy
  • Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
    • Presents with chronic renal and liver failure in childhood
    • Either die within the first month or within 15 years
      • Those that die within the first month have pulmonary hypoplasia