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8. Cardiovascular diseases: risk assessment and prevention
- Risk assessment
- SCORE risk estimation system
- Framingham risk scoring
- Not used in Europe, not so important
- Points for
- Age
- total cholesterol
- HDL
- Systolic BP
- Smoking
- Sum of points gives risk
- Prevention
- Primordial – activities which reduce or remove risk factors
- Improve public transport availability
- Opportunities for recreational activities
- Increased socioeconomic development
- Smoke-free restaurants
- Primary – reducing the population’s exposure to risk factors
- Health education programs
- Anti-smoking campaigns
- Sports programs
- Nutritional counselling
- Secondary – screening
- Regular check-ups
- Cholesterol
- Lipids
- Glucose
- Tertiary – prevention of recurrence and treatment of symptomatic patients
- 5 – 7 x higher risk in those with previous CVD
- Recommended targets
- Very high CV risk (SCORE > 10%)
- High risk SCORE > 5%
- Moderate risk