23. Epidemiology and prevention of allergic rhinitis

Epidemiology
- Prevalence 10 – 30% of industrialized countries
- Most frequent disease among children and teens
  - 80% of cases 0 – 20 years
- Prevalence increasing, especially in urban areas
Forms
- Seasonal – outdoor allergens
  - Pollen
    - Ragweed
    - Grass
    - Tree
  - Mold
    - Fungus
- Perennial – indoor allergens
  - Pets
  - Dust
  - Mites
  - Molds
Etiology
- Second hand smoke
- Exposure to allergens
- Atopy or family history of it
- Male gender
- Urbanization
Prevention
- Breastfeeding
- Elimination, avoiding allergen
  - Avoid dust mites
    - Reduce indoor humidity
    - Wash bed sheets
    - Use bedding encasements
- Medical treatment