1. Importance of non-communicable diseases in developed countries (mortality, morbidity, trends)
- Most important non-communicable diseases in high-income countries
- CVD
- Cancer
- Chronic respiratory disease
- NCD
- cause more than 75% of deaths in high-income countries yearly
- are more important in high-income than low-income countries
- due to diet, social status
- are becoming more important in low-income countries as well (as communicable diseases are becoming less of a problem)
- In all ages:
- CVD 48%
- Cancer 21%
- Others 16%
- < 60 year olds
- CVD 35%
- Cancer 28%
- Others 26%
- Disease adjusted life years (DALY)
- One DALY is one lost year of “healthy” life
- DALY = years of life lost + years lost due to disability
- Most DALYs are in high-income countries
- Top causes of death in world
- Ischaemic heart disease – 7 million per year – 13%
- Stroke, cerebrovascular disease
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Top causes of death in low-income countries
- Lower RTI
- Diarrhoeal diseases
- HIV/AIDS
- Morbidity – the disease burden in a population
- Incidence and prevalence of a disease
- Mortality – the occurrence of death in a population
- Communicable diseases are less important in high-income countries due to vaccines, treatment, etc