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- 13:09, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Urea cycle and aspartate-argininosuccinate shunt.png
- 13:09, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Urea cycle and aspartate-argininosuccinate shunt.png
- 13:08, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 11. Amino acid metabolism; the fate of the amino group (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * What are the body’s sources of amino acids? * What are the two steps of amino acid metabolism? * Which amino acids are mostly degraded elsewhere than in the liver? * What is an aminotransferase reaction? * Which aminotransferase reactions are important? * What is the function of PLP as a co-enzyme? * What are the fates of the amino group? * How is most ammonium removed from peripheral tissues? * What is the alanine cycle? == Metabolism of...") Tag: Visual edit
- 13:07, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:ASAT and ALAT.png
- 13:07, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:ASAT and ALAT.png
- 13:07, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 10. Regulation and disorders of lipid metabolism (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * How does fatty acid synthesis inhibit beta oxidation? * Which factors inhibit fatty acid synthesis? * Which factors stimulate fatty acid synthesis? * What are PPARs, and which types exist? * What activates PPARs in the body? * Which metabolic processes are controlled by the different types of PPAR? * How is ketone body synthesis regulated? * What causes familial hypercholesterolaemia? * What are statins? == Regulation of fatty acid synthesis...") Tag: Visual edit
- 13:06, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Cholesterol synthesis regulation.png
- 13:06, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Cholesterol synthesis regulation.png
- 13:05, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:ACC regulation.png
- 13:05, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:ACC regulation.png
- 13:03, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 9. Synthesis of cholesterol and ketone bodies (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * What are the functions of cholesterol? * Describe the biosynthesis of cholesterol * Which enzymes in cholesterol synthesis are head-to-head reactions, and which are head-to-tail reactions? * Describe the function of the different lipoproteins * Why are ketone bodies needed? * Why does the liver have two forms of ''HMG-CoA synthase''? * Describe the biosynthesis of ketone bodies * Describe the degradation of ketone bodies == Cholesterol == Ch...") Tag: Visual edit
- 13:02, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Ketone bodies relationship.png
- 13:02, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Ketone bodies relationship.png
- 13:02, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Lipoprotein transport.png
- 13:02, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Lipoprotein transport.png
- 13:01, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:HMG-CoA fates.png
- 13:01, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:HMG-CoA fates.png
- 13:00, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 8. Structure and biological activities of steroids (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What are steroids? * What is the structure of steroids? * What are bile acids? * What are the functions of bile acids? * Which organs are involved in vitamin D synthesis? === General === thumb|''The typical steroid structure, with the numbering of the carbon atoms. From wikipedia'' Steroids are a type of organic molecule with a specific steroid structure. The steroid core is composed of seventeen carbon atoms...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:59, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Steroid structure.png
- 12:59, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Steroid structure.png
- 12:58, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 7. Synthesis of complex lipids (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What is the structure of complex lipids? * What is the function of complex lipids? * What are phospholipids? * What are sphingolipids? * What are the four steps of complex lipid synthesis? * What is the function of ''phospholipases''? * What is arachidonic acid, and what is its significance? === General === Storage lipids (triacylglycerols) are comprised of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids which are bound to the glycerol by ester...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:57, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Phospholipases.png
- 12:57, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Phospholipases.png
- 12:44, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 6. Fatty acid synthesis (with elongation and desaturation) (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * Where does fatty acid synthesis take place? * What are the limitations of fatty acid synthesis in the cytosol of human cells? * What are the limitations of fatty acid synthesis of human cells overall? * How are odd-chained fatty acids produced? * Which substrates and how much of each are required for synthesis of one molecule of palmitate? * How is acetyl-CoA transported from the mitochondria to the cytosol? * Describe one cycle of ''fatty...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:43, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 5. Coordinated regulation of carbohydrate metabolism (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What is the function of glucokinase? * How is glucokinase different from other types of hexokinase? * How are the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis regulated? * What activates <abbr>PP2A</abbr>? * How does insulin regulate PFK-2/FBPase-2? * How does glucagon regulate PFK-2/FBPase-2? * How is pyruvate kinase regulated? * How does acetyl-CoA regulate gluconeogenesis and glucose breakdown? === Regulation of glucokinase === There are 4 different...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:42, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Acetyl-CoA regulates.png
- 12:42, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Acetyl-CoA regulates.png
- 12:42, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Insulin and glucagon on PFK-2-FBPase-2.png
- 12:42, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Insulin and glucagon on PFK-2-FBPase-2.png
- 12:41, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:F26BP on PFK1 and FBPase-1.png
- 12:41, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:F26BP on PFK1 and FBPase-1.png
- 12:40, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Reciprocal regulation PFK1 and FBPase-1.png
- 12:40, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Reciprocal regulation PFK1 and FBPase-1.png
- 12:39, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 4. Regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * Which protein regulates both ''glycogen synthase'' and ''glycogen phosphorylase?'' * What is the function of ''casein kinase II''? * What is the net result of insulin on glycogen metabolism? * What is the net result of glucagon and epinephrine on glycogen metabolism? * How does insulin regulate ''glycogen synthase''? * How does insulin regulate ''glycogen phosphorylase''? * How does glucagon regulate ''glycogen synthase?'' * How does glucag...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:38, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glycogen synthase regulation.png
- 12:38, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glycogen synthase regulation.png
- 12:38, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glycogen phosphorylase regulation.png
- 12:38, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glycogen phosphorylase regulation.png
- 12:35, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 3. Glycogen synthesis and degradation (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What is the function of glycogen? * Describe the structure of glycogen. * What are the fates of glycogen in skeletal muscle? * What are the fates of glycogen in the liver? * Why is it an advantage that glycogen is branched? * Which enzymes are involved in the synthesis of glycogen? * Which enzymes are involved in the breakdown of glycogen? === General === Glycogen is the most important molecule for storing carbohydrates in humans. It’s a...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:34, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glycogen degradation.png
- 12:34, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glycogen degradation.png
- 12:34, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 2. Gluconeogenesis (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * When is gluconeogenesis active? * In which cellular compartments does gluconeogenesis take place? * By which transporter does glucose leave the cell? * What are the substrates of gluconeogenesis, and where do they originate from? * In which organs does gluconeogenesis take place? * What is the rate-limiting enzyme of the gluconeogenesis? * Why do we need certain exclusive enzymes for the gluconeogenesis? * Which enzymes of the gluconeogenes...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:33, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glucolysis vs gluconeogenesis.png
- 12:33, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glucolysis vs gluconeogenesis.png
- 12:33, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 1. Pentose phosphate pathway (Created page with "=== Learning objectives === * What is the substrate for the pentose phosphate pathway? * What are the products of the pentose phosphate pathway, and what are they used for? * Which other enzyme produces NADPH? * Where does the <abbr>PPP</abbr> take place? * What are the phases of the PPP? * What is glutathione and what is its importance? * What is the function of ''hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase?'' * What are the 5 possible fates of glucose 6-phosphate? * What is gluc...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:32, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Non-oxidative phase of PPP.png
- 12:32, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Non-oxidative phase of PPP.png
- 12:31, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Protein Kinase C pathway (Created page with "Protein kinase C (PKC) is activated in the signal pathways of many hormones. The most important ones are acetylcholine, angiotensin II, glutamate, histamine, vasopressin and oxytoxin. Vasopressin is shown in the figure as an example. Protein kinase C performs many functions of which we don’t have to know the details of. Some are shown on the figure, but other functions are receptor desensitization, membrane structure regulation, gene expression, immune response cell...") Tag: Visual edit
- 12:30, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:PKC pathway.png
- 12:30, 10 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:PKC pathway.png