11. Risk factors of malignant diseases
- Preventable causes of cancer
- Poor diet is the most common cause of cancer
- 30% of cancers due to high BMI, low fruit and vegetable intake, lack of physical activity, tobacco use, alcohol use
- Diet
- Fat intake -> breast cancer
- Salt intake -> stomach, CRC
- Spicy food intake -> stomach
- Omega-6 intake -> prostate cancer
- Tobacco
- Responsible for 22% of cancer deaths
- Initiator
- DNA adduct
- 2nd hand smoke
- Sidestream smoke – doesn’t pass through filter
- Mainstream smoke – exhaled smoke
- Infections
- 25% of cancers in low and middle-income countries
- H. pylori
- HPV
- HBV
- HCV
- EBV
- HIV
- HSV
- Sexual behaviour
- Inactivity
- Occupation
- Asbestos
- Chimney sweeper
- Alcohol
- Cirrhosis
- Oral, oesophagus, stomach
- Non-preventable risk factors
- Family history
- Aging
- Gender
- Ethnicity