New pages
- 18:37, 3 November 2024 A11. ARDS, definition and basic ventilatory management (hist | edit) [76 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:ARDS|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 19:46, 27 October 2024 Oxygen therapy (hist | edit) [4,907 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="A&IC" />'''Oxygen therapy''', also called '''oxygen supplementation''', refers to administration of oxygen to the patient. The most common use case is hypoxaemia (type 1 respiratory failure) for any cause, but it is also indicated in CO intoxication, for example. Multiple devices can be used to administer oxygen, the most commonly used being the nasal cannula. Both the flow (in litres per minute) of the gas delivered and the fraction of inspi...") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:57, 27 October 2024 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (hist | edit) [2,009 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Acute respiratory distress syndrome''' (ARDS) is a life-threatening inflammation with oedema in the lungs which leads to severe respiratory failure. It occurs in approx. 10% of ICU patients, and there is a 50% mortality rate. == Etiology == * Sepsis (most common) * Pneumonia * Aspiration of gastric content * Shock * Acute pancreatitis * Major trauma == Clinical features == * Dyspnoea, restlessness, anxiety * Altered mental status * Cyan...") Tag: Visual edit
- 18:52, 27 October 2024 A10. Multiple organ failure (hist | edit) [107 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 18:52, 27 October 2024 Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (hist | edit) [770 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="A&IC" />'''Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome''' (MODS), also called '''multiple organ failure''' (MOF) is defined as the acute insufficiency of 2 or more organ systems, requiring intervention to maintain homeostasis. It has high mortality, and the mortality increases with the amount of failing organ systems. It is mostly seen as an end-stage of sepsis or other severe systemic inflammatory response syndrome like acute pancreatitis. The SOFA...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:45, 27 October 2024 A9. Basic management of sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock (hist | edit) [78 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Sepsis|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:33, 27 October 2024 A8. Infection and infection control on the ICU (hist | edit) [101 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Intensive care unit|A&IC infection}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 18:33, 27 October 2024 Intensive care unit (hist | edit) [1,344 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{:Stub}} == Infection in the ICU == <section begin="A&IC" />Although intensive care units (ICUs) account for fewer than 10% of total beds in most hospitals, more than 20% of all nosocomial infections are acquired in ICUs. ICU-acquired infections account for substantial morbidity, mortality, and expense. Most bacterial infections that occur on the ICU have some sort of anti-microbial resistance. Most common infections: * Catheter-associated ...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 18:28, 27 October 2024 A7. Acid-base disorders and management (hist | edit) [293 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Metabolic acidosis = {{#lst:Metabolic acidosis|A&IC}} = Metabolic alkalosis = {{#lst:Metabolic alkalosis|A&IC}} = Respiratory acidosis = {{#lst:Respiratory acidosis|A&IC}} = Respiratory alkalosis = {{#lst:Respiratory alkalosis|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 18:24, 27 October 2024 A6. Acute management of fluid imbalance (hist | edit) [85 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Fluid therapy|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 16:35, 19 October 2024 Fluid therapy (hist | edit) [3,082 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="A&IC" />'''Fluid therapy''' refers to the use of intravenous (or rarely, oral) fluids in the management of illness. == Types of fluid == “Pure water” infusions are not actually pure water, but 5% dextrose (glucose) in water (D5W) infusions. Pure water has 0 osmolarity and so would cause haemolysis, but D5W has near-physiological osmolarity (250 mOsm/L). The glucose is rapidly metabolised, yielding pure water. D5W is used in pure water deficit, like...") Tag: Visual edit
- 16:22, 19 October 2024 A5. Hemodynamic monitoring (arterial line, central line insertion, invasive hemodynamic monitoring) (hist | edit) [184 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Arterial line = {{#lst:Arterial line|A&IC}} = Central line = {{#lst:Central venous line|A&IC}} = PiCCO = {{#lst:PiCCO|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 16:21, 19 October 2024 PiCCO (hist | edit) [2,265 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="A&IC" />'''PiCCO''', an acronym for '''pulse contour continuous cardiac output''', is a monitor used to monitor cardiac output and other haemodynamic parametres in patients with shock in the intensive care unit. It requres a central venous catheter and a special arterial cannula (PiCCO catheter) which is inserted into the femoral artery. Using a technique called transpulmonary thermodilution and pulse contour analysis, the monitor can esti...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 10:23, 16 October 2024 Central venous line (hist | edit) [4,375 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "A '''central venous line''' or '''central venous catheter,''' often shortened to simply a '''central line''', is a catheter inserted into a central vein (as opposed to a peripheral vein for a regular peripheral venous catheter). The jugular, subclavian, or femoral vein can be used, with the jugular vein being the most common. A central line is, like an arterial line, often used for critically ill patients. Blood samples can be taken from the...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:51, 16 October 2024 Arterial line (hist | edit) [1,111 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="A&IC" />An '''arterial line''' or '''arterial catheter''' is a procedure involving inserting a catheter inside an artery, often the radial but also the ulnar, axillary, brachial, etc. Using an arterial line, one can easily obtain arterial blood gas samples without having to puncture the artery every time, as well as obtain "regular" blood chemistry samples. It also enables '''invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring''' (IABP), the continuous monito...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 11:00, 13 October 2024 A4. Management of acute rhythm disturbances (hist | edit) [762 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "Arrhythmias are important for three reasons: * They cause suboptimal contraction, reducing cardiac output * They may predispose to thromboembolism * The arrhythmia may worsen, causing cardiac arrest == Evaluation == * Is there electrical activity at all? * How much is the ventricular rate? * Is the rhythm regular or irregular? * Evaluation of QRS – is it wide or narrow? – limit is 120 ms * Is there atrial activity? * Is there a connection between P waves and QRS c...") Tag: Visual edit
- 10:56, 13 October 2024 A21. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (hist | edit) [86 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Cardiac arrest|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 10:55, 13 October 2024 A15. Early warning signs and peri-arrest period (hist | edit) [93 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Cardiac arrest|Peri-arrest}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 14:50, 12 October 2024 Cardiac arrest (hist | edit) [13,928 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Cardiac arrest''' refers to when the heart stops beating, providing no or very little cardiac output. It is diagnosed when a patient is unresponsive and not breathing or breathing abnormally. As there is no cardiac output there is no pulse either, but an unconscious patient who is not breathing likely has cardiac arrest so time is not wasted feeling for a pulse. Cardiac arrest inevitebly leads to death unless successfully managed. Management of cardiac arrest is...") Tag: Visual edit
- 13:11, 12 October 2024 A3. The acute management of massive pulmonary embolism (hist | edit) [90 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Pulmonary embolism|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 13:06, 12 October 2024 A2. Syndromes with acute chest pain (aortic dissection, acute myocardial infarction, pneumothorax) (hist | edit) [237 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Aortic dissection = {{#lst:Aortic dissection|A&IC}} = STEMI = {{#lst:STEMI|A&IC}} = NSTEMI = {{#lst:NSTEMI|A&IC}} = Pneumothorax = {{#lst:Pneumothorax|A&IC}} Category:Anaesthesia and Intensive care (POTE course)")
- 12:39, 12 October 2024 A1. Definition and emergency treatment of shock (hist | edit) [115 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Circulatory shock|anaesthesia and intensive care}} Category:Anaesthesia and intensive care (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 14:04, 11 October 2024 C40. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Medical and surgical treatment (hist | edit) [80 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Benign prostatic hyperplasia|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 14:03, 11 October 2024 C45. Tumors of the penis, scrotum, and urethra. (hist | edit) [187 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Penile cancer = {{#lst:Penile cancer|urology}} = Scrotal cancer = {{#lst:Scrotal cancer|urology}} = Urethral cancer = {{#lst:Urethral cancer|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 14:02, 11 October 2024 Urethral cancer (hist | edit) [577 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Urethral cancer''' is rare. It's more common in females. 70% of cases are squamous cell carcinoma and the remaining are urothelial carcinoma. It usually presents as an obstruction of urine or haematuria. Diagnosis is by biopsy. * Treatment of proximal urethral cancer ** Radical cystourethrectomy + inguinal lymph node removal + urine deviation * Treatment of distal urethral cancer ** Women – surgical resection + radiation ** Me...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 14:00, 11 October 2024 Scrotal cancer (hist | edit) [362 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Scrotal cancer''' is a rare cancer. In most cases it's a squamous cell carcinoma. It's related to topical carcinogens: soot, tar, etc. and poor hygiene. It usually presents as a painless, slow growing mass or ulceration. Diagnosis is made by biopsy. The treatment is surgical excision. <section end="urology" /> Category:Urology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 13:58, 11 October 2024 Penile cancer (hist | edit) [1,121 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Penile cancer''' (cancer of the penis) is relatively rare. It's more common in elderly and in developing countries. In almost all cases penile cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. == Etiology == * <abbr>HPV</abbr> * Poor hygiene * Phimosis * Chronic balanitis == Precancerous lesions == * Bowen disease * Erythroplasia of Queyrat == Clinical features == * Most commonly in the glans * Painless lump or ulcerative lesion on penis * Swoll...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 13:55, 11 October 2024 C44. Complex treatment of testis tumors (hist | edit) [79 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Testicular cancer|urology treatment}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 13:54, 11 October 2024 C43. Tumors of the testis: Risk factors, classification, diagnosis, and staging (hist | edit) [69 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Testicular cancer|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 13:47, 11 October 2024 C42. Carcinoma of the prostate: Treatment modalities (hist | edit) [77 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Prostate cancer|urology treatment}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 13:47, 11 October 2024 C41. Carcinoma of the prostate gland: Incidence, diagnosis, grading, and staging (hist | edit) [67 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Prostate cancer|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 13:41, 11 October 2024 C39. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): Clinical features and diagnosis (hist | edit) [80 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Benign prostatic hyperplasia|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 09:58, 11 October 2024 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (hist | edit) [3,660 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "'''Benign prostatic hyperplasia''' (BPH) is an idiopathic but common benign condition which affects older men. The prevalence increases with age and it affects 70% of males > 60 years. It is characterised by a slowly growing prostate which compresses the urethra and causes chronic lower urinary tract obstruction, causing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). It can be managed with medicines or surgical removal. == Etiology == * Multifactorial * Sensitization of...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:50, 11 October 2024 C38. Urothelial carcinoma: Treatment modalities (hist | edit) [76 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Bladder cancer|urology treatment}} Category:Urology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 09:49, 11 October 2024 C37. Urothelial carcinoma: Location, clinical features, diagnosis, and staging (hist | edit) [66 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Bladder cancer|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 16:41, 5 October 2024 C36. Renal parenchymal neoplasms: Types, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment (hist | edit) [283 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Renal cell carcinoma = {{#lst:Renal cell carcinoma|urology}} = Angiomyolipoma = {{#lst:Angiomyolipoma|urology}} = Oncocytoma = {{#lst:Oncocytoma|urology}} = Kidney cyst = {{#lst:Kidney cyst|urology}} = Wilms tumour = {{#lst:Wilms tumour|urology}}")
- 16:36, 5 October 2024 Kidney cyst (hist | edit) [1,143 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Kidney cysts''' are frequent incidental findings when CT or ultrasonography is performed. We distinguish simple cysts from complex cysts based on their radiological features according to the Bosniak classification. Most kidney cysts are simple. == Simple kidney cysts == Simple kidney cysts are benign thin-walled and fluid filled structures. There are no septa, calcifications, or solid components. These are Bosniak I cysts. More tha...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 16:26, 5 October 2024 Oncocytoma (hist | edit) [587 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Oncocytoma''' is the most important benign renal tumor. It originates from intercalated cells of the tubules. The name comes from the tumor cells are ''oncocytes'', cells with large eosinophilic cytoplasm due to high content of mitochondria. The tumor is brownish on macroscopy. It can be hard to distinguish from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, for which we must use cytogenetics. In most cases, oncocytoma is suspected to be RCC and is t...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 16:24, 5 October 2024 Renal angiomyolipoma (hist | edit) [632 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Renal angiomyolipoma''' is a benign hamartoma of the kidney. It’s comprised of blood vessels, smooth muscle and adipose tissue, as the name suggests. It’s more frequent in patients with tuberous sclerosis. * 4x more common in females * Associated with tuberous sclerosis * Mostly asymptomatic == Diagnosis == * Images show tumour with high fat content * US or CT == Treatment == * Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy * Indications...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 16:16, 5 October 2024 B35. Male sexual dysfunction, male infertility (hist | edit) [280 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Premature ejaculation = {{#lst:Premature ejaculation|urology}} = Delayed ejaculation = {{#lst:Delayed ejaculation|urology}} = Erectile dysfunction = {{#lst:Erectile dysfunction|urology}} = Male infertility = {{#lst:Infertility (male)|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 16:15, 5 October 2024 Infertility (male) (hist | edit) [1,767 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Male infertility''' refers to the inability to conceive despite 1 year of unprotected intercourse. == Etiology == * Idiopathic in 30% of cases * Diabetes mellitus * Hypertension * Obesity * Chronic STD * Alcohol * Anabolic steroids * Varicocele * Testicular trauma == Diagnosis == * Anamnesis * Hormone tests * Semen analysis == Semen analysis == * Used to evaluate male fertility and confirm sterility after vasectomy * Procedure ** No ej...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 16:12, 5 October 2024 Delayed ejaculation (hist | edit) [242 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Delayed ejaculation''' refers to later-than-wanted ejaculation during intercourse. It's usually caused by psychological stress and can be treated with psychotherapy. <section end="urology" /> Category:Urology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 16:11, 5 October 2024 Premature ejaculation (hist | edit) [269 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Premature ejaculation''' refers to earlier-than-wanted ejaculation during intercourse. It's usually idiopathic and can be treated with psychotherapy, local anaesthetics, or SSRIs. <section end="urology" /> Category:Urology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 16:09, 5 October 2024 Erectile dysfunction (hist | edit) [2,219 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Erectile dysfunction''' (ED) is the persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain a sufficient erection. It usually causes significant psychosexual morbidity, decreased self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, which might worsen the ED, causing an evil cycle. == Epidemiology == * Affects 50% of men aged 40 – 70 * Prevalence increases with age == Physiological erection == * Flaccid penis ** Sympathetic nervous system predominates ** Cav...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 16:02, 5 October 2024 B34. Urinary incontinence and urodynamic studies (hist | edit) [156 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Urinary incontinence = {{#lst:Urinary incontinence|urology}} = Urodynamic studies = {{#lst:Urodynamic studies|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 16:02, 5 October 2024 Urodynamic studies (hist | edit) [1,114 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Urodynamic studies''' are tests which assess the function of the urinary tract. There are many different types, including uroflowmetry, pressure flow study, and leak point pressure. They're used to evaluate symptoms of lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence. == Uroflowmetry == * Only non-invasive urodynamic study * Measures the volume of urine voided over time * Should be done with ~150 mL in the bladder to prevent f...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 15:55, 5 October 2024 Urinary incontinence (hist | edit) [4,079 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="obgyn" /><section begin="urology" />'''Urinary incontinence''' is the involuntary leakage of urine. There are multiple types: * Stress urinary incontinence * Urge urinary incontinence * Overflow incontinence – the bladder fills, causing urine to overflow out * Functional incontinence – due to mental or physical problems * Mixed incontinence – features of more than one of the above Stress and urge, as well as a mix of the two, account for 97% of ca...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 15:48, 5 October 2024 B33. Non-tumorous diseases of the penis and urethra (hist | edit) [314 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Paraphimosis = {{#lst:Paraphimosis|urology}} = Phimosis = {{#lst:Phimosis|urology}} = Priapism = {{#lst:Priapism|urology}} = Balanitis = {{#lst:Balanitis|urology}} = Peyronie disease = {{#lst:Peyronie disease|urology}} = Urethral stricture = {{#lst:Urethral stricture|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
- 15:47, 5 October 2024 Urethral stricture (hist | edit) [773 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Urethral stricture''' is a fibrotic narrowing of urethra. == Etiology == * Trauma * Iatrogenic ** Catheterization ** Instrumentation ** Inappropriate removal of Foley catheter * Congenital * Idiopathic * Post-infectious == Clinical features == * Causes partial or complete lower urinary tract obstruction * Slow urinary stream * Incomplete bladder emptying * Dribbling == Diagnosis == * Uroflowmetry ** Shows a plateau * Retrograde and voi...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 15:46, 5 October 2024 Peyronie disease (hist | edit) [539 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Peyronie disease''' is characterised by idiopathic fibroproliferative disorder causing formation of fibrous plaque in the tunica albuginea, causing painful erection and abnormal curving of the erect penis. It affects middle-aged and older men. == Clinical features == * Painful erection * Abnormal curving of the erect penis * Indurations of the penis * Erectile dysfunction == Treatment == * Pentoxifylline * Intralesional injection of coll...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched