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16:35, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 30. Lymphomatous polyposis of small and large intestine (Created page with "'''Organ''': Large intestine '''Description''': The mucus membrane of the intestine is filled with polyps. '''Diagnosis''': Lymphomatous polyposis (due to mantle cell lymphoma) '''Causes''': * Translocation of cyclin D1 gene into IgH gene – t(11;14) '''Theory''': Like the case was for the Burkitt lymphoma – there’s no way to diagnose these polyps as mantle cell lymphoma without histology. These polyps could also be due to: * Familiar adenomatous polyposis *...") Tag: Visual edit
16:35, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Mantle cell lymphoma intestine prep.jpg
16:35, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Mantle cell lymphoma intestine prep.jpg
16:34, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 29. CML extreme splenomegaly (Created page with "'''Organ''': Spleen '''Description''': The spleen is massively enlarged. '''Diagnosis''': Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) '''Causes''': * Philadelphia chromosome (t(9;22)) '''Theory''': It’s hard to see on the picture but the preparation is very large, tall and heavy and contains an enormous spleen. The spleen in this case is 4200g (as can be seen on the label)! Splenomegaly is a characteristic finding in CML. File:CML splenomegaly prep.jpg|center|thumb|CML s...") Tag: Visual edit
16:34, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:CML splenomegaly prep.jpg
16:34, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:CML splenomegaly prep.jpg
16:33, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 28. Multiple myeloma (Created page with "'''Organ''': Spinal column '''Description''': The different vertebrae show 3 roundish areas of softened bone, called ''osteolytic lesions''. '''Diagnosis''': Multiple myeloma '''Differential diagnosis of osteolytic lesions:''' * Metastasis from breast cancer * Metastasis from lung cancer * Multiple myeloma '''Theory''': The common symptoms of multiple myeloma are: * C – hypercalcaemia * R – renal failure * A – Anaemia * B – bone (osteolytic) lesions Oste...") Tag: Visual edit
16:33, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Multiple myeloma osteolytic lesions prep.jpg
16:33, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Multiple myeloma osteolytic lesions prep.jpg
16:32, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 27. Burkitt lymphoma (Created page with "'''Organ''': Small intestine '''Description''': We can see a greyish exophytic mass in the mucosa. '''Diagnosis''': Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma '''Causes''': * Epstein-Barr virus * Myc mutation '''Theory''': Just from the macroscopy we see here is it impossible to determine that this is a Burkitt lymphoma. It could also be a: * Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) * Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) * Adenocarcinoma (rare in the small intestine) Histology must be used t...") Tag: Visual edit
16:32, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Burkitt lymphoma prep.jpg
16:32, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Burkitt lymphoma prep.jpg
16:31, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 26. Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (Created page with "'''Organ''': Urinary bladder '''Description''': A bladder is cut in the sagittal plane. On the upper half of the bladder can we see that the muscular layer (brownish) and mucosal layer (yellowish) are separated by a relatively clear border and that the mucosal layer is thin. On the lower half of the bladder is the border less clear, and the mucosal layer is much thicker. '''Diagnosis''': Urothelial carcinoma '''Risk factors:''' * Smoking '''Theory''': Urothelial...") Tag: Visual edit
16:31, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Bladder cancer prep.jpg
16:31, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Bladder cancer prep.jpg
16:31, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 25. Wilms tumor (Created page with "'''Organ''': Kidney '''Description''': A greyish, lobulated tumor with no well-defined border can be seen. '''Diagnosis''': Wilms tumor = nephroblastoma '''Causes''': * Sporadic (majority) * Genetic syndromes like WAGR syndrome, Denys-Drash syndrome '''Theory''': Wilms tumor is the most common malignant kidney tumor in childhood, although it can occur in adulthood as well. The tumor is ''triphasic'', meaning it has three different “parts” histologically: # E...") Tag: Visual edit
16:30, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Wilms tumour prep.jpg
16:30, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Wilms tumour prep.jpg
16:30, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 24. Clear cell carcinoma of kidney (Created page with "'''Organ''': Kidney '''Description''': A yellowish, lobulated well-demarcated tumor of roundish shape can be seen. '''Diagnosis''': Conventional/clear cell renal cell carcinoma '''Risk factors:''' * Smoking * Von Hippel Lindau syndrome '''Theory''': Conventional renal cell carcinoma, also called clear cell renal carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney. The tumor is yellowish due to the high lipid content of the tumor cells. Despite it being a m...") Tag: Visual edit
16:29, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:RCC prep.jpg
16:29, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:RCC prep.jpg
16:28, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 23. Congenital hydronephrosis (Created page with "'''Organ''': Kidney '''Description''': The pyelon (renal pelvis) is dilated. The cortex is atrophic. '''Diagnosis''': Hydronephrosis '''Causes''': * Obstruction of lower urinary tract '''Theory''': Nothing special. See theoretical topic 24. center|thumb|Congenital hydronephrosis prep") Tag: Visual edit
16:28, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Congenital hydronephrosis prep.jpg
16:28, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Congenital hydronephrosis prep.jpg
16:27, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 22. Nephrosclerosis (Created page with "'''Organ''': Kidney '''Description''': The surface of the kidney is granular. Nothing else is remarkable. '''Diagnosis''': Nephrosclerosis '''Causes''': * Systemic hypertension '''Theory''': The underlying histological change of nephrosclerosis is arteriolosclerosis of the arteries in the kidney. center|thumb|Nephrosclerosis prep Category:Pathology 2 - Macropreparations") Tag: Visual edit
16:27, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Nephrosclerosis prep.jpg
16:27, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Nephrosclerosis prep.jpg
16:27, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 21. Pyelonephritis abscedens. Necrosis of papilla (Created page with "'''Organ''': Kidney '''Description''': Necrosis of the papilla (or pyramids) are visible as greyish foci of triangular-like shape. '''Diagnosis''': Acute pyelonephritis '''Causes''': * Ascending bacterial infection from urinary tract '''Theory''': Another morphological sign of acute pyelonephritis is the presence of many ''microabscesses'', however this can’t be seen on this preparation. Acute pyelonephritis commonly occurs as a complication of hydronephrosis a...") Tag: Visual edit
16:27, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Acute pyelonephritis prep.jpg
16:27, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Acute pyelonephritis prep.jpg
16:26, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 20. Polycystic kidney (adult type) (Created page with "'''Organ''': Liver and kidney '''Description''': The liver contains only small cysts, shown here as holes. The kidney is very large and contains many large cysts to such a degree that very little kidney parenchyme is actually left. Some cysts are even 3-5 cm in diameter. '''Diagnosis''': Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease '''Causes''': * Autosomal dominant mutation of the PKD1 gene '''Theory''': In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease will the p...") Tag: Visual edit
16:26, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Polycystic kidney disease (adult type) prep back.jpg
16:26, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Polycystic kidney disease (adult type) prep back.jpg
16:25, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Polycystic kidney disease (adult type) prep front.jpg
16:25, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Polycystic kidney disease (adult type) prep front.jpg
16:24, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 19. Polycystic kidney (infantile sponge kidney) (Created page with "'''Organ''': Kidneys '''Description''': The kidneys contain many very small cysts, only a few (1-2) mm in diameter. They look like holes left after being stabbed with a small needle. '''Diagnosis''': Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease '''Causes''': * Autosomal recessive mutation in PKHD1 gene '''Theory''': Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease causes renal failure very soon after birth. Patients with this disease also develop liver failure relat...") Tag: Visual edit
16:24, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Polycystic kidney disease (infantile type) prep back.jpg
16:24, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Polycystic kidney disease (infantile type) prep back.jpg
16:24, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Polycystic kidney disease (infantile type) prep front.jpg
16:24, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Polycystic kidney disease (infantile type) prep front.jpg
16:23, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 18. Pancreatic carcinoma (Created page with "'''Organ''': Liver, pancreas '''Description''': In the upper left corner is there some healthy liver. The rest of the preparation is a large greyish mass which has directly infiltrated the liver. It’s impossible to distinguish what the origin of the tumor is. '''Diagnosis''': Pancreatic cancer with direct infiltration of liver '''Causes of pancreatic cancer:''' * Smoking * Chronic pancreatitis * Alcoholism * Obesity '''Theory''': This preparation is tricky. Just...") Tag: Visual edit
16:23, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Pancreatic cancer prep.jpg
16:23, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Pancreatic cancer prep.jpg
16:20, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 17. Adenocarcinoma of the gall bladder with multiple liver metastases (Created page with "'''Organ''': Liver and gallbladder '''Description''': The gallbladder bears signs of chronic cholecystitis – it’s whitish, thickened, fibrotic and adhered to the liver. The liver contains many metastases. They’re visible as large, greyish foci on the front and on the back of the preparation. '''Diagnosis''': Adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder with metastasis to the liver '''Causes''': * Cholelithiasis -> chronic cholecystitis -> adenocarcinoma '''Theory''':...") Tag: Visual edit
16:20, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Gallbladder cancer prep back.jpg
16:20, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Gallbladder cancer prep back.jpg
16:20, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Gallbladder cancer prep front.jpg
16:20, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Gallbladder cancer prep front.jpg
16:19, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 16. Cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and empyema (Created page with "{{:13. Cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis and empyema}} Category:Pathology 2 - Macropreparations") Tag: Visual edit
16:17, 22 May 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 15. Hepatocellular carcinoma (Created page with "'''Organ''': Liver '''Description''': There is no healthy liver present; the whole liver is cirrhotic, as evidenced by the presence of pseudolobules everywhere. There are some larger yellowish nodules that are necrotic and haemorrhagic. These are nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma. A vein is visible too, into which a nodule of <abbr>HCC</abbr> has invaded into. '''Diagnosis''': Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis '''Causes''': * Alcoholic/viral/metabolic hepati...") Tag: Visual edit