= Thoracic empyema =
{{:Thoracic empyema}}
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...anatomical opening called “thoracic inlet”, “thoracic outlet” or “superior thoracic aperture”, which is a hole surrounded by
* If the thoracic outlet becomes narrower some or all of the neurovascular structures may be
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= Thoracic aortic aneurysm =
{{:Thoracic aortic aneurysm}}
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In mild or moderate cases, a brace can be used. In severe cases, surgery is necessary.
<noinclude>[[Category:Thoracic surgery]]</noinclude>
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'''Thoracic empyema''' or '''pleural empyema''' refers to accumulation of pus in the pl
Development of thoracic empyema is a cause of treatment failure for [[pneumonia]], and it should be
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...r index is calculated as A/B. A Haller index of > 3,5 is an indication for surgery.
...s regarding the postoperative period (not lifting heavy, no sports, etc.). Surgery is not performed after age of 30 due to rigidity of the chest wall.
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...[[abdominal aortic aneurysm]]. This form of [[aneurysm]] is located in the thoracic aorta and can affect any segment of it; most frequently, the aortic root an
Non-ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm is mostly asymptomatic. They may compress nearby structures
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...o types of aortic aneurysms depending on the affected part of the aorta, [[thoracic aortic aneurysm]] (TAA) and [[abdominal aortic aneurysm]] (AAA). 90% of cas
However, aneurysms, especially thoracic ones, are rarely associated with [[Inherited connective tissue disorder|inh
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...[[pleural effusion]]. It involves examining a certain set of abdominal and thoracic regions for free fluid.
...mber of people who require a [[CT]] scan, thereby shortening their time to surgery.
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*** Thoracic kyphosis
*** If these conditions are not detected before scoliosis surgery paralysis or severe complications can develop
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[[Category:Thoracic surgery]]</noinclude>
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'''Coronary artery bypass graft''' (CABG) '''surgery''' involves the placement of one or more graft between the aorta and the co
...artery (internal mammary artery). Other options include the right internal thoracic artery and the radial artery.
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* [[Thoracic aortic aneurysm]] (especially >6 cm)
* Aortic rupture (see [[Thoracic aortic aneurysm|TAA]])
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...urysm''' is the most common form of [[aortic aneurysm]], the other being [[thoracic aortic aneurysm]]. They may be infrarenal (most common) or suprarenal. They
...r aneurysms which are > 5,5 cm, or which expand > 1 cm per year. Emergency surgery is indicated for ruptured AAA. Symptomatic (threatening) AAA must also be t
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[[Category:Thoracic surgery]]
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In tension pneumothorax, the increased intrathoracic pressure compresses thoracic structures like the contralateral lung, trachea, heart, and superior vena c
...pontaneous pneumothorax, or pneumothorax refractory to standard treatment. Surgery involves bullectomy to treat the underlying cause and applying pleurodesis
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* Following heart surgery
* Thoracic injury
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<section begin="surgery" /><section begin="oncology" /><section begin="radiology" />'''Pancreatic c
...er is hypodense on CT. It will also show any distant metastases. CT of the thoracic cavity is also indicated to look for metastases.<section end="radiology" />
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...traparesis can occur. If above C4, respiratory arrest may occur. If at the thoracic or lumbar level, paraparesis can occur.
Steroids can decrease the oedema of the spinal cord. In severe cases, surgery is necessary.
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** Most often involves thoracic spine
** ASAP treatment includes dexamethasone and spinal decompression surgery
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