Congenital anomalies of the kidney
- Congenital solitary kidney
- Usually asymptomatic
- However, they have a higher risk for kidney disease and should be monitored regularly
- The remaining kidney is usually hypertrophic
- Anatomical congenital solitary kidney
- The other kidney is absent (renal agenesis)
- Functional congenital solitary kidney
- The other kidney is non-functional
- Renal aplasia, renal dysplasia, or renal hypoplasia
- Usually asymptomatic
- Horseshoe kidney
- The left and right inferior poles are fused
- Usually asymptomatic, but have increased risk of kidney disease
- Ectopic kidney
- Kidney is in abnormal position
- Usually asymptomatic
- Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
- Presents with chronic renal failure or hypertension in adulthood
- Decreases life expectancy
- Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
- Presents with chronic renal and liver failure in childhood
- Either die within the first month or within 15 years
- Those that die within the first month have pulmonary hypoplasia