21. Infectious diseases worldwide

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  • Epidemiology
    • Lower respiratory tract infections is the fourth most common cause of death globally
    • Diarrhoeal disease and tuberculosis are number 9 and 10
    • Communicable diseases are a much larger problem in developing regions (Africa, Middle East) than in developed regions
  • Types
    • Seasonal outbreaks – outbreaks in a certain season
      • Influenza – winter
      • Diphtheria – autumn
    • Cyclic outbreaks – outbreaks at a certain interval
      • Pandemic flu – every 30 – 40 years
      • Diphtheria – every 12 years

Important worldwide diseases

  • Influenza
  • Pertussis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • HIV

Recently emerging pathogens

  • Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA)
  • SARS, COVID-19 – coronavirus
  • Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella