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12. Acute viral hepatitis (aetiology, pathomorphology, complicated forms): Difference between revisions

12. Acute viral hepatitis (aetiology, pathomorphology, complicated forms) (view source)

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(Created page with "''Written by ms. worldwide, edited by Nikolas.'' == Introduction == Viral hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver parenchyme due to viral infection. It’s mostly caused by the ''hepatitis'' viruses (A to E) but can be caused by <abbr>EBV</abbr> and CMV as well. These viruses cause acute hepatitis. If the acute hepatitis was caused by hepatitis B or C the infection can progress into ''chronic hepatitis''. Acute hepatitis presents with hepatic jaundice (with both con...")
 
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===== Hepatitis C =====
=== Hepatitis C ===
Hepatitis C is also a major cause of liver disease, and the major route for transmission is through blood. Intravenous drug use with a previously used needle is the biggest sinner of hepatitis C transmission. This type of hepatitis can resolve by itself after an acute inflammation, but it progresses into chronic hepatitis in most cases. We will discuss the acute changes done by HCV.
Hepatitis C is also a major cause of liver disease, and the major route for transmission is through blood. Intravenous drug use with a previously used needle is the biggest sinner of hepatitis C transmission. This type of hepatitis can resolve by itself after an acute inflammation, but it progresses into chronic hepatitis in most cases. We will discuss the acute changes done by HCV.


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Little is known about acute hepatitis C. The incubation time takes usually 6-12 weeks, and the onset of acute hepatitis C can be asymptomatic and easily missed. The RNA from the virus can be detected in the blood within days or weeks from infection, and elevations of serum aminotransferase can be seen as well. Although strong immune responses involving <abbr>CD4</abbr>+ and <abbr>CD8</abbr>+ cells, which is enough to make the infection self-limiting, only a minority of patients are capable of clearing the HCV infection after the acute hepatitis incidence.
Little is known about acute hepatitis C. The incubation time takes usually 6-12 weeks, and the onset of acute hepatitis C can be asymptomatic and easily missed. The RNA from the virus can be detected in the blood within days or weeks from infection, and elevations of serum aminotransferase can be seen as well. Although strong immune responses involving <abbr>CD4</abbr>+ and <abbr>CD8</abbr>+ cells, which is enough to make the infection self-limiting, only a minority of patients are capable of clearing the HCV infection after the acute hepatitis incidence.


===== Hepatitis D =====
=== Hepatitis D ===
The HDV is a unique virus because it can’t cause any infection without being capsulated by HBsAg. So even if the HDV is different from HBV, it can only cause infection during a HBV coinfection. You can get infected from HDV in two settings:
The HDV is a unique virus because it can’t cause any infection without being capsulated by HBsAg. So even if the HDV is different from HBV, it can only cause infection during a HBV coinfection. You can get infected from HDV in two settings: