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** Detection of bacteria on microscopy is not reliable -> culture must be performed | ** Detection of bacteria on microscopy is not reliable -> culture must be performed | ||
* Leukocytes | * Leukocytes | ||
** Pyuria if >5 WBCs per field of view at 400x | ** [[Pyuria]] if >5 WBCs per field of view at 400x | ||
* RBCs | * RBCs | ||
** Haematuria if >3 RBCs per field of view at 400x | ** Haematuria if >3 RBCs per field of view at 400x | ||
* Casts – tubule-shaped structures | * Casts – tubule-shaped structures | ||
** WBC casts -> pyelonephritis | ** WBC casts -> pyelonephritis |