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Ovarian cancer: Difference between revisions
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<section end="oncology" /><section end="gynaecology intro" /> | <section end="oncology" /><section end="gynaecology intro" /> | ||
=== Borderline ovarian tumour === | === Borderline ovarian tumour === | ||
Borderline ovarian tumours are epithelial ovarian tumours of low-grade malignant potential. They are characterised by atypical growth but no stromal invasion. They sometimes have intraperitoneal spread. | <section begin="borderline" />Borderline ovarian tumours are epithelial ovarian tumours of low-grade malignant potential. They are characterised by atypical growth but no stromal invasion. They sometimes have intraperitoneal spread. | ||
Borderline tumours account for 15% of epithelial tumours. They mostly affect postmenopausal women. Borderline tumours have an excellent prognosis (5-year survival > 90%). | Borderline tumours account for 15% of epithelial tumours. They mostly affect postmenopausal women. Borderline tumours have an excellent prognosis (5-year survival > 90%). | ||
There’s nothing in particular which can distinguish borderline tumours from other tumours clinically. The diagnosis is made pathologically, after surgery. | There’s nothing in particular which can distinguish borderline tumours from other tumours clinically. The diagnosis is made pathologically, after surgery.<section end="borderline" /> | ||
=== Ovarian germ cell tumours === | === Ovarian germ cell tumours === | ||
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=== Tumour markers of malignant ovarian cancer === | === Tumour markers of malignant ovarian cancer === | ||
Tumour markers in ovarian cancer are not used for diagnosis but rather for preoperative evaluation and follow-up. They’re not appropriate for screening of the general population. | <section begin="tumour markers" />Tumour markers in ovarian cancer are not used for diagnosis but rather for preoperative evaluation and follow-up. They’re not appropriate for screening of the general population. | ||
Several biomarkers are available for ovarian cancer: | Several biomarkers are available for ovarian cancer: | ||
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The RMI (Risk of Malignancy Index) can be calculated to predict the risk that an adnexal mass is malignant. This calculation requires ultrasound features and the CA125 level. | The RMI (Risk of Malignancy Index) can be calculated to predict the risk that an adnexal mass is malignant. This calculation requires ultrasound features and the CA125 level. | ||
<section begin="oncology" /> | <section end="tumour markers" /><section begin="oncology" /> | ||
=== Screening === | === Screening === | ||
As already stated, there is no screening for it in the general population. However, we do screen people who have hereditary ovarian cancer or hereditary breast cancer. In these people, we can use serum markers, ultrasound, and frequent pelvic examination to screen them. | As already stated, there is no screening for it in the general population. However, we do screen people who have hereditary ovarian cancer or hereditary breast cancer. In these people, we can use serum markers, ultrasound, and frequent pelvic examination to screen them. | ||