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(Created page with "<section begin="dermatology" /> * Most common skin cancer * Related to mutations in the hedgehog pathway * Risk factors ** Chronic sun exposure ** Old age ** Skin types I and II * Clinical features ** Pearly papule or nodule ** Rolled border ** Central crater of ulceration ** On sun-exposed skin *** Usually upper lip/nose area ** Slow growing * Types ** Nodular BCC *** Most common type ** Superficial BCC *** On trunk *** Flat plaque lesion ** Nevoid basal cell carcinoma...") |
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<section begin="dermatology" /> | <section begin="dermatology" /><section begin="oncology" /> | ||
* Most common skin cancer | * Epidemiology | ||
* | ** Technically the most common cancer, but it is often excluded from data due to its low mortality and morbidity | ||
** BCC accounts for 75% of all skin cancer | |||
** Most common skin cancer | |||
* Pathology | |||
** Hedgehog pathway is often mutated | |||
** Almost never metastasises, leading to low mortality and morbidity | |||
** May cause local destruction, which may be severe if located on the face | |||
** Types | |||
*** Nodular BCC | |||
*** Superficial BCC | |||
*** Morpheaform BCC | |||
*** Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome | |||
**** Autosomal dominant disease | |||
**** Multiple BCC in young age | |||
**** Bone and neurological malformations | |||
*** +++ | |||
* Risk factors | * Risk factors | ||
** Chronic sun exposure | ** Chronic sun exposure | ||
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** Locally aggressive | ** Locally aggressive | ||
* Diagnosis | * Diagnosis | ||
** Clinical, based on typical symptoms | |||
** Definite (histological) diagnoses often made after surgical excision of suspected lesion | |||
** Full-thickness biopsy -> histology | ** Full-thickness biopsy -> histology | ||
* Treatment | * Treatment | ||
** Surgical excision | ** Surgery | ||
** | *** Surgical excision | ||
** | *** Primary treatment is almost all cases | ||
** | ** Radiotherapy | ||
** | *** If surgery is not an option | ||
** Chemotherapy | |||
*** Only topical (5-FU) | |||
** Alternatives for superficial and small BCCs | |||
*** Cryosurgery | |||
*** Photodynamic therapy | *** Photodynamic therapy | ||
*** | *** Laser ablation | ||
*** | *** Topical chemotherapy | ||
*** | *** Topical imiquimod | ||
** Targeted therapy | |||
*** Vismodegib or sonidegib | |||
**** Hedgehog pathway inhibitors | |||
*** For metastatic BCC or BCC which recurs after surgery | |||
* Follow-up | * Follow-up | ||
** Physical examination at 3, 6, 12 months | ** Physical examination at 3, 6, 12 months | ||
** Sun protection | ** Sun protection | ||
<section end="dermatology" /> | <section end="dermatology" /><section end="oncology" /> | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] |