Jump to content

Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Difference between revisions

Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (view source)

Revision as of 19:16, 17 July 2024

539 bytes added ,  17 July
no edit summary
VisualWikitext
(Created page with "'''Human immunodeficiency virus''' (HIV) is a retrovirus which causes HIV infection. If left untreated, it will lead to '''acquired immunodeficiency syndrome''' (AIDS), a condition characterised by a <abbr>CD4</abbr>+ T-cell count of < 200/µL and/or the presence of so-called AIDS-defining condition, whichever occurs first. 38 million people worldwide live with AIDS, and every year around 1,7 million people are infected. 60% of new cases are in sub-S...")
 
No edit summary
 
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Human immunodeficiency virus''' (HIV) is a [[retrovirus]] which causes HIV infection. If left untreated, it will lead to '''acquired immunodeficiency syndrome''' (AIDS), a condition characterised by a [[CD4+ T-cell|<abbr>CD4</abbr>+ T-cell]] count of < 200/µL and/or the presence of so-called AIDS-defining condition, whichever occurs first.
<section begin="dermatology" />'''Human immunodeficiency virus''' (HIV) is a [[retrovirus]] which causes HIV infection. If left untreated, it will lead to '''acquired immunodeficiency syndrome''' (AIDS), a condition characterised by a [[CD4+ T-cell|<abbr>CD4</abbr>+ T-cell]] count of < 200/µL and/or the presence of so-called AIDS-defining condition, whichever occurs first.


38 million people worldwide live with AIDS, and every year around 1,7 million people are infected. 60% of new cases are in sub-Saharan Africa.
38 million people worldwide live with AIDS, and every year around 1,7 million people are infected. 60% of new cases are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Line 13: Line 13:
** Nowadays very uncommon (1 in 2 million)
** Nowadays very uncommon (1 in 2 million)
** Screening for it began in the 1990s
** Screening for it began in the 1990s
 
<section end="dermatology" />
The virus can also be transmitted vertically, during vaginal birth, intrauterine life, or during breastfeeding. In an untreated mother, the risk of transmission to the child is around 1:3.
The virus can also be transmitted vertically, during vaginal birth, intrauterine life, or during breastfeeding. In an untreated mother, the risk of transmission to the child is around 1:3.


Line 49: Line 49:
== Pathomechanism ==
== Pathomechanism ==
The virus has many components, the most important of which are the glycoprotein 120 and 41 (gp120 and gp41), as these glycoproteins are involved in the entry of the virus into the CD4+ T-cell. The virus enters the cell by binding to the [[CD4 receptor]] and either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor.
The virus has many components, the most important of which are the glycoprotein 120 and 41 (gp120 and gp41), as these glycoproteins are involved in the entry of the virus into the CD4+ T-cell. The virus enters the cell by binding to the [[CD4 receptor]] and either CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor.
 
<section begin="dermatology" />
== Clinical features ==
== Clinical features ==
At around week 5 after the primary infection, acute HIV syndrome occurs with non-specific symptoms like fever, fatigue, rashes, headache, lymphadenopathy. It may be symptomatic. This lasts for 1 – 2 weeks.
At around week 5 after the primary infection, acute HIV syndrome occurs with non-specific symptoms like fever, fatigue, rashes, headache, lymphadenopathy. It may be symptomatic. This lasts for 1 – 2 weeks.
Line 71: Line 71:
* [[Molluscum contagiosum]]
* [[Molluscum contagiosum]]


=== Specific cutaneous clinical features ===
* Acute HIV syndrome (Before AIDS develops)
** Maculopapular morbilliform rash
* Eosinophilic folliculitis
** Pruritic, erythematous papules on follicles
** Affects the upper body only
* Oral hairy leucoplakia
** EBV
** White plaques
** On inferolateral surface of tongue
* Bacillary angiomatosis
** Bartonella
** Multiple erythematous papules and nodules
** Bleed easily
<section end="dermatology" />
== Diagnosis and evaluation ==
== Diagnosis and evaluation ==
Quick tests which detect both anti-HIV antibodies and the p24 protein of the virus in blood or urine can be used to screen for HIV in 5 – 10 minutes. However, the diagnosis must be confirmed by western blot.
Quick tests which detect both anti-HIV antibodies and the p24 protein of the virus in blood or urine can be used to screen for HIV in 5 – 10 minutes. However, the diagnosis must be confirmed by western blot.