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Infertility (female): Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "'''Female''' '''infertility''' is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive with regular intercourse without use of contraception after 12 months in women less then 35 years of age, and after 6 months in women 35 years and older. We can distinguish primary and secondary infertility. In primary, the woman has never achieved pregnancy, while in secondary, there’s been at least one previous pregnancy. Fecundability is also relevant. It’s the probability of achi...") |
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'''Female''' '''infertility''' is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive with regular intercourse without use of contraception after 12 months in women less then 35 years of age, and after 6 months in women 35 years and older. | <section begin="infertility" />'''Female''' '''infertility''' is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive with regular intercourse without use of contraception after 12 months in women less then 35 years of age, and after 6 months in women 35 years and older. | ||
We can distinguish primary and secondary infertility. In primary, the woman has never achieved pregnancy, while in secondary, there’s been at least one previous pregnancy. | We can distinguish primary and secondary infertility. In primary, the woman has never achieved pregnancy, while in secondary, there’s been at least one previous pregnancy. | ||
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** By hysterosalpingography or hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography | ** By hysterosalpingography or hysterosalpingo-contrast-sonography | ||
** Only for uterine cavity: hysteroscopy, saline hysterosonography | ** Only for uterine cavity: hysteroscopy, saline hysterosonography | ||
<section end="infertility" /><section begin="ovarian capacity" /> | |||
=== Medical history and labs === | === Medical history and labs === | ||
The regularity of the menstrual cycle is important in assessing the ovarian cycle. A cycle is considered normal when it comes every 24 – 38 days. | The regularity of the menstrual cycle is important in assessing the ovarian cycle. A cycle is considered normal when it comes every 24 – 38 days. | ||
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Over-the-counter urinary ovulation prediction kits which detect LH in the urine can also be used to predict the timing of the LH surge that indicates ovulation. | Over-the-counter urinary ovulation prediction kits which detect LH in the urine can also be used to predict the timing of the LH surge that indicates ovulation. | ||
<section begin="clinical biochemistry" /> | |||
=== Ovarian reserve assessment === | === Ovarian reserve assessment === | ||
Decreased ovarian reserve refers to decreased oocyte quality, quantity, or reproductive potential. These techniques can estimate the number of eggs in the ovaries (ovarian reserve) and is useful in the management of infertility. They can guide the choice and amount of medication to be given. | Decreased ovarian reserve refers to decreased oocyte quality, quantity, or reproductive potential. These techniques can estimate the number of eggs in the ovaries (ovarian reserve) and is useful in the management of infertility. They can guide the choice and amount of medication to be given. | ||
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The ovarian reserve declines by approximately 5% per year. | The ovarian reserve declines by approximately 5% per year. | ||
<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> | |||
=== Anatomic and endometrial evaluation === | === Anatomic and endometrial evaluation === | ||
Evaluation of the endometrial thickness and phase by ultrasound is used. | Evaluation of the endometrial thickness and phase by ultrasound is used. | ||
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=== Basal body temperature test === | === Basal body temperature test === | ||
Progesterone increases body temperature and is released after ovulation. By measuring the body temperature daily in the morning before doing anything which can alter the temperature (walk, eat) for multiple cycles, it’s possible to estimate when during the cycle ovulation occurs. However, the temperature increase occurs too late to be useful for timing intercourse. | Progesterone increases body temperature and is released after ovulation. By measuring the body temperature daily in the morning before doing anything which can alter the temperature (walk, eat) for multiple cycles, it’s possible to estimate when during the cycle ovulation occurs. However, the temperature increase occurs too late to be useful for timing intercourse.<section end="ovarian capacity" /> | ||
[[Category:Obstetrics and gynaecology]] | [[Category:Obstetrics and gynaecology]] | ||