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Hashimoto thyroiditis: Difference between revisions
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'''Hashimoto thyroiditis''', also called chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism is an autoimmune condition characterised by <abbr>CD8</abbr>-mediated destruction of the thyroid parenchyme. It’s the most common cause of chronic [[hypothyroidism]] in western countries, affecting 3 – 5 per 10 000. It mostly affects middle-aged females. | <section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Hashimoto thyroiditis''', also called chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism is an autoimmune condition characterised by <abbr>CD8</abbr>-mediated destruction of the thyroid parenchyme. It’s the most common cause of chronic [[hypothyroidism]] in western countries, affecting 3 – 5 per 10 000. It mostly affects middle-aged females. | ||
It’s associated with other autoimmune diseases and with HLA-DR5. | It’s associated with other autoimmune diseases and with HLA-DR5. | ||
<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> | |||
== Clinical features == | == Clinical features == | ||
In the early phase [[Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis|thyrotoxicosis]] develops as the destroyed cells release preformed hormones, sometimes called “hashitoxicosis”. In this phase, there’s a non-tender and painless [[goitre]]. | In the early phase [[Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis|thyrotoxicosis]] develops as the destroyed cells release preformed hormones, sometimes called “hashitoxicosis”. In this phase, there’s a non-tender and painless [[goitre]]. | ||
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The patient may present in any of these stages. The goitre may be diffuse or nodular. | The patient may present in any of these stages. The goitre may be diffuse or nodular. | ||
<section begin="clinical biochemistry" /> | |||
== Diagnosis and evaluation == | == Diagnosis and evaluation == | ||
The following features are typical for Hashimoto: | The following features are typical for Hashimoto: | ||
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The anti-thyroid antibodies are the main factors in the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Ultrasound is rarely indicated in the evaluation of Hashimoto thyroiditis. | The anti-thyroid antibodies are the main factors in the diagnosis of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Ultrasound is rarely indicated in the evaluation of Hashimoto thyroiditis. | ||
<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> | |||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis is lifelong L-thyroxine replacement therapy, as for other causes of [[hypothyroidism]]. Immunosuppressants are not helpful in the treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis. | The treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis is lifelong L-thyroxine replacement therapy, as for other causes of [[hypothyroidism]]. Immunosuppressants are not helpful in the treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis. | ||
<noinclude>[[Category:Endocrinology]]</noinclude> | <noinclude>[[Category:Endocrinology]]</noinclude> | ||