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'''Jaundice''' or '''icterus''' refers to the yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes due to deposition of [[bilirubin]]. | <section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Jaundice''' or '''icterus''' refers to the yellowish discoloration of the skin, sclerae, and mucous membranes due to deposition of [[bilirubin]]. Jaundice is the clinical manifestation of increased concentration of bilirubin in the blood, called '''hyperbilirubinaemia'''. Discoloration of the sclerae occurs at lower concentrations of bilirubin than the skin. | ||
The reference range of total bilirubin is 5 – 20 µmol/L. '''Scleral icterus''' (sometimes called '''subicterus''', but different definitions for subicterus exists) occurs when the bilirubin level reaches approx 40 µmol/L, while icterus occurs at approx 70 µmol/L. | The reference range of total bilirubin is 5 – 20 µmol/L. '''Scleral icterus''' (sometimes called '''subicterus''', but different definitions for subicterus exists) occurs when the bilirubin level reaches approx 40 µmol/L, while icterus occurs at approx 70 µmol/L. | ||
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If intrahepatic jaundice is suspected, the patient should be evaluated for hepatitis, cirrhosis, and possible causes of them. | If intrahepatic jaundice is suspected, the patient should be evaluated for hepatitis, cirrhosis, and possible causes of them. | ||
If [[Biliary obstruction|posthepatic jaundice]] is suspected, the patient should be examined with [[ultrasound]] or [[CT]]. If this shows signs of biliary obstruction by stone, an [[ERCP]] should be performed, which may remove the stone. If imaging shows signs of malignancy, surgery may be indicated. | If [[Biliary obstruction|posthepatic jaundice]] is suspected, the patient should be examined with [[ultrasound]] or [[CT]]. If this shows signs of biliary obstruction by stone, an [[ERCP]] should be performed, which may remove the stone. If imaging shows signs of malignancy, surgery may be indicated.<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> | ||
<noinclude>[[Category:Gastrointestinal surgery]] | <noinclude> | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]</noinclude> | [[Category:Gastrointestinal surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | |||
</noinclude> |