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62. General characteristics and types of chronic obstructive lung diseases: Difference between revisions

62. General characteristics and types of chronic obstructive lung diseases (view source)

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(Created page with "== Introduction to obstructive lung diseases == Obstructive lung diseases are usually caused by increased airflow resistance, usually due to an obstruction at some point. Four types are important: * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ** Chronic bronchitis ** Emphysema * Bronchiectasis * Asthma Emphysema and chronic bronchitis usually occur together, so they’re together called ''chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases'', or COPD. They occur together because t...")
 
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* Centroacinar emphysema affects the respiratory bronchioles but not the alveoli themselves. This type is associated with smoking. It’s more common in the upper lobes of the lung. Smoking causes neutrophils to produce enzymes that degrade the alveolar wall, like ''elastase.''
* Centroacinar emphysema affects the respiratory bronchioles but not the alveoli themselves. This type is associated with smoking. It’s more common in the upper lobes of the lung. Smoking causes neutrophils to produce enzymes that degrade the alveolar wall, like ''elastase.''
* Panacinar emphysema affects the alveolar duct and alveoli. This type is associated with a genetic ''α1-antitrypsin deficiency'', and not smoking. α1-antitrypsin is a protein that usually inhibits the effects of elastase. When this inhibitor is deficient will elastase produced by neutrophils act unopposed to destroy the connective tissue of the lung. It’s more common in the lower lobes of the lung.
* Panacinar emphysema affects the alveolar duct and alveoli. This type is associated with a genetic ''α1-antitrypsin deficiency'', and not smoking. α1-antitrypsin is a protein that usually inhibits the effects of proteases like elastase. When this inhibitor is deficient will elastase produced by neutrophils act unopposed to destroy the connective tissue of the lung. It’s more common in the lower lobes of the lung.


[[File:Structure of acini and the two most important types of emphysema..png|thumb|Structure of acini and the two most important types of emphysema. Remember that the centriacinar type is associated with cigarettes.]]
[[File:Structure of acini and the two most important types of emphysema..png|thumb|Structure of acini and the two most important types of emphysema. Remember that the centriacinar type is associated with cigarettes.]]