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'''Heart failure''' is a clinical syndrome where the patient has symptoms and/or signs of insufficient [[cardiac output]] and/or backwards congestion. This is due to an underlying decrease in systolic or diastolic function of the heart.
'''Heart failure''' is a clinical syndrome where the patient has symptoms and/or signs of insufficient [[cardiac output]] and/or backwards congestion. This is due to an underlying decrease in systolic or diastolic function of the heart.


Decreased systolic function refers to decreased ability of the heart to eject blood, reflected as a decreased left ventricular [[ejection fraction]] (<abbr>LVEF</abbr>, usually shortened to simply EF). Decreased diastolic function refers to decreased ability of the heart to fill with blood.
Decreased systolic function refers to decreased ability of the heart to eject blood, reflected as a decreased left ventricular [[ejection fraction]] (<abbr>LVEF</abbr>, usually shortened to simply EF), called '''heart failure with reduced ejection fraction''' (HFrEF). Decreased diastolic function refers to decreased ability of the heart to fill with blood, called '''heart failure with preserved ejection fraction''' (HFpEF).


Not all people with heart failure have symptoms of volume overload, and as such, the term “congestive” heart failure is no longer used to mean all cases of heart failure.
Not all people with heart failure have symptoms of volume overload, and as such, the term “congestive” heart failure is no longer used to mean all cases of heart failure.