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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Difference between revisions
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (view source)
Revision as of 21:54, 27 November 2023
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'''Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease''' (COPD) is characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. It’s common, preventable, and treatable. It is defined as a post-bronchodilator [[FEV1/FVC ratio]] of < 0,70. | <section begin="radiology" />'''Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease''' (COPD) is characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities. It’s common, preventable, and treatable. It is defined as a post-bronchodilator [[FEV1/FVC ratio]] of < 0,70. | ||
It affects 11,7% of the world and it’s the third leading cause of death worldwide. Prevalence is expected to rise, and it’s expected to be the leading cause of death in 15 years. | It affects 11,7% of the world and it’s the third leading cause of death worldwide. Prevalence is expected to rise, and it’s expected to be the leading cause of death in 15 years. | ||
COPD has two phenotypes, '''chronic bronchitis''' and '''emphysema'''. | COPD has two phenotypes, '''chronic bronchitis''' and '''emphysema'''.<section end="radiology" /> | ||
COPD is a chronic disease with periodic [[COPD exacerbations|flare-ups or exacerbations]], during which more intensive therapy is needed. | COPD is a chronic disease with periodic [[COPD exacerbations|flare-ups or exacerbations]], during which more intensive therapy is needed. | ||
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The bronchodilator test is performed to distinguish COPD from bronchial asthma. If the FEV1 improves more than 12% after bronchodilator, bronchial asthma is diagnosed. | The bronchodilator test is performed to distinguish COPD from bronchial asthma. If the FEV1 improves more than 12% after bronchodilator, bronchial asthma is diagnosed. | ||
<section begin="radiology" /> | |||
=== Imaging === | |||
Imaging is not necessary for the diagnosis of COPD. In case of emphysema, [[chest radiography]] will show hyperinflation of the lungs, as evidenced by horizontal ribs, widened intercostal space, increased anterioposterior diameter (seen on the lateral view), flattened diaphragm, and increased transparency of the lung.<section end="radiology" /> | |||
Differential diagnosis | === Differential diagnosis === | ||
* Bronchial [[asthma]] | * Bronchial [[asthma]] | ||
* [[Lung cancer]] | * [[Lung cancer]] | ||
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** [[Pneumothorax]] (due to rupture of bullae) | ** [[Pneumothorax]] (due to rupture of bullae) | ||
** Weight loss, [[cachexia]] | ** Weight loss, [[cachexia]] | ||
[[Category:Pulmonology]] | <noinclude>[[Category:Pulmonology]]</noinclude> | ||