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Peptic ulcer disease: Difference between revisions

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== Complications ==
== Complications ==
Peptic ulcers may [[Gastrointestinal bleeding|bleed]], obstruct the gastric outlet, or perforate. Perforated ulcers are the most common cause of GI perforation and cause [[peritonitis]]. Duodenal ulcers may penetrate through the wall into adjacent organs, forming fistulas.
Peptic ulcers may [[Gastrointestinal bleeding|bleed]], obstruct the gastric outlet, or perforate. Perforated ulcers are the most common cause of [[Gastrointestinal perforation|GI perforation]] and cause [[peritonitis]]. Duodenal ulcers may penetrate through the wall into adjacent organs, forming fistulas.


== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
Treatment involves treating the underlying cause, removing risk factors, and giving [[PPI|PPIs]].
Treatment involves treating the underlying cause, removing risk factors, and giving [[PPI|PPIs]]. In case of bleeding, haemostasis can be achieved endoscopically.


Surgical treatment is necessary for the treatment of complications like perforation, bleeding (if endoscopic haemostasis fails), pyloric stenosis, cases which don’t respond to conservative therapy, or if malignancy is discovered.
Surgical treatment is necessary for the treatment of complications like perforation, bleeding (if endoscopic haemostasis fails), pyloric stenosis, cases which don’t respond to conservative therapy, or if malignancy is discovered.


Perforations and bleeding ulcers may be simply sutured or closed with a patch, or they may be treated with partial gastric resection and reconstruction surgeries like Roux-en-Y (or, in the past, Billroth I or Billroth II). Many years ago, vagotomy was performed to reduce the production of stomach acid.
Perforations and bleeding ulcers may be simply sutured or closed with a patch, or they may be treated with partial [[gastric resection]] and reconstruction surgeries like Roux-en-Y (or, in the past, Billroth I or Billroth II). Many years ago, vagotomy was performed to reduce the production of stomach acid.


Many complications may occur after gastric resection:
Many complications may occur after gastric resection:
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* Maldigestion
* Maldigestion
* [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]]
* [[Vitamin B12 deficiency|B12 deficiency]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
<noinclude>‎[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastrointestinal surgery]]
[[Category:Gastrointestinal surgery]]</noinclude>