Congenital anomalies of the testes

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Revision as of 14:05, 26 September 2024 by Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />== Cryptorchidism == Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testicles to descend into scrotum. Untreated, it increases the risk for testicular cancer, infertility, and testicular torsion. * 1% of boys ** It’s the most common congenital anomaly of genitourinary tract * Risk factors ** Prematurity * Diagnosis ** Testis cannot be palpated in the scrotum * Treatment ** Many spontaneously descent, but not after 6 months ** Withi...")
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== Cryptorchidism == Cryptorchidism is the failure of one or both testicles to descend into scrotum. Untreated, it increases the risk for testicular cancer, infertility, and testicular torsion.

  • 1% of boys
    • It’s the most common congenital anomaly of genitourinary tract
  • Risk factors
    • Prematurity
  • Diagnosis
    • Testis cannot be palpated in the scrotum
  • Treatment
    • Many spontaneously descent, but not after 6 months
    • Within 6 – 18 months
    • Orchidopexy
    • Laparoscopic surgery

Congenital hydrocele

Congenital hydrocoele is a fluid collection between the layers of the tunica vaginalis.

  • Causes painless, enlarged scrotum
  • Usually resolves spontaneously
  • Requires surgery if it persists beyond 12 months

Ectopic testes

  • Testes is located outside the normal path of descent
  • Increases risk of cancer and infertility
  • In superficial inguinal pouch, perineum, femoral canal, suprapubic region
  • Treatment is orchidopexy

Congenital varicocoele

Varicocoele, the abnormal enlargement of the pampiniform plexus in the scrotum due to obstruction of the spermatic vein, can be congenital/primary. It almost always affects the left testicle. It's an under-recognised cause of male infertility. It causes pain in the affected testicle and painless swelling. Surgery may be indicated in case of pain or infertility.