28. Epidemiology and prevention of depression and mood disorders
- Epidemiology
- Depression is the most common mood disorder
- 20 million people every year
- Female > male
- Major cause of disability in young
- Criteria for major depression
- Depressed mood
- Diminished interest
- Weight changes
- Sleep disturbances
- Loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness
- Feelings of excessive guilt
- Problems concentrating
- Risk factors
- Biological factors
- Genetic predisposition (concordance 50%)
- Dysfunction of HPA
- Increased level of stress hormones
- Psychosocial factors
- Trauma
- Stress
- Learned helplessness
- Comorbidities
- Chronic illnesses
- Chronic pain
- Biological factors
- Prevention
- Teach problem-solving skills
- Break problems into smaller chunks
- Teach emotion-coping skills
- Challenge irrational thoughts
- Acknowledge and express emotions
- Decrease stigma associated with depression
- Increase availability of help services
- Teach problem-solving skills