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21. Epidemiology and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Revision as of 21:42, 30 November 2022 by Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "* Epidemiology ** Fourth most common cause of death worldwide ** Leading cause of morbidity in developed countries ** Male > female ** 6% prevalence in US * Etiology ** Smoking *** 20 – 30 pack years gives 80-90% risk ** Passive smoking ** Air pollution ** Occupational exposure to dust ** Respiratory tract infections ** Premature birth ** Asthma ** Low socioeconomic status ** Physical inactivity ** Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency * Diagnosed by spirometry ** Decreased T...")
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  • Epidemiology
    • Fourth most common cause of death worldwide
    • Leading cause of morbidity in developed countries
    • Male > female
    • 6% prevalence in US
  • Etiology
    • Smoking
      • 20 – 30 pack years gives 80-90% risk
    • Passive smoking
    • Air pollution
    • Occupational exposure to dust
    • Respiratory tract infections
    • Premature birth
    • Asthma
    • Low socioeconomic status
    • Physical inactivity
    • Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
  • Diagnosed by spirometry
    • Decreased Tiffeneau index < 70%
    • <12% amelioration by bronchodilators
  • Scoring
    • GOLD – groups according to risk and symptoms
    • BODE index – prognosis
    • mMRC dyspnoea scale
  • Prevention
    • Primary
      • Health education
      • Promote smoking prevention
      • Air pollution control
    • Secondary
      • Screening for A1ATD – family members too
      • Screening of high-risk individuals
    • Tertiary
      • Stop smoking
      • Oxygen therapy
      • Pulmonary rehabilitation
      • Vaccination
        • Influenza
        • Pneumococcus
      • Exercise