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16:18, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs moved page Renal cancer to Renal cell carcinoma over a redirect without leaving a redirect
16:18, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs deleted redirect Renal cell carcinoma by overwriting (Deleted to make way for move from "Renal cancer")
16:16, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B35. Male sexual dysfunction, male infertility (Created page with "= Premature ejaculation = {{#lst:Premature ejaculation|urology}} = Delayed ejaculation = {{#lst:Delayed ejaculation|urology}} = Erectile dysfunction = {{#lst:Erectile dysfunction|urology}} = Male infertility = {{#lst:Infertility (male)|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
16:15, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Infertility (male) (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Male infertility''' refers to the inability to conceive despite 1 year of unprotected intercourse. == Etiology == * Idiopathic in 30% of cases * Diabetes mellitus * Hypertension * Obesity * Chronic STD * Alcohol * Anabolic steroids * Varicocele * Testicular trauma == Diagnosis == * Anamnesis * Hormone tests * Semen analysis == Semen analysis == * Used to evaluate male fertility and confirm sterility after vasectomy * Procedure ** No ej...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
16:12, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Delayed ejaculation (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Delayed ejaculation''' refers to later-than-wanted ejaculation during intercourse. It's usually caused by psychological stress and can be treated with psychotherapy. <section end="urology" /> Category:Urology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
16:11, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Premature ejaculation (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Premature ejaculation''' refers to earlier-than-wanted ejaculation during intercourse. It's usually idiopathic and can be treated with psychotherapy, local anaesthetics, or SSRIs. <section end="urology" /> Category:Urology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
16:09, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Erectile dysfunction (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Erectile dysfunction''' (ED) is the persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain a sufficient erection. It usually causes significant psychosexual morbidity, decreased self-esteem, anxiety, and depression, which might worsen the ED, causing an evil cycle. == Epidemiology == * Affects 50% of men aged 40 – 70 * Prevalence increases with age == Physiological erection == * Flaccid penis ** Sympathetic nervous system predominates ** Cav...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
16:02, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B34. Urinary incontinence and urodynamic studies (Created page with "= Urinary incontinence = {{#lst:Urinary incontinence|urology}} = Urodynamic studies = {{#lst:Urodynamic studies|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
16:02, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Urodynamic studies (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Urodynamic studies''' are tests which assess the function of the urinary tract. There are many different types, including uroflowmetry, pressure flow study, and leak point pressure. They're used to evaluate symptoms of lower urinary tract symptoms and urinary incontinence. == Uroflowmetry == * Only non-invasive urodynamic study * Measures the volume of urine voided over time * Should be done with ~150 mL in the bladder to prevent f...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:55, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Urinary incontinence (Created page with "<section begin="obgyn" /><section begin="urology" />'''Urinary incontinence''' is the involuntary leakage of urine. There are multiple types: * Stress urinary incontinence * Urge urinary incontinence * Overflow incontinence – the bladder fills, causing urine to overflow out * Functional incontinence – due to mental or physical problems * Mixed incontinence – features of more than one of the above Stress and urge, as well as a mix of the two, account for 97% of ca...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:48, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B33. Non-tumorous diseases of the penis and urethra (Created page with "= Paraphimosis = {{#lst:Paraphimosis|urology}} = Phimosis = {{#lst:Phimosis|urology}} = Priapism = {{#lst:Priapism|urology}} = Balanitis = {{#lst:Balanitis|urology}} = Peyronie disease = {{#lst:Peyronie disease|urology}} = Urethral stricture = {{#lst:Urethral stricture|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
15:47, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Urethral stricture (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Urethral stricture''' is a fibrotic narrowing of urethra. == Etiology == * Trauma * Iatrogenic ** Catheterization ** Instrumentation ** Inappropriate removal of Foley catheter * Congenital * Idiopathic * Post-infectious == Clinical features == * Causes partial or complete lower urinary tract obstruction * Slow urinary stream * Incomplete bladder emptying * Dribbling == Diagnosis == * Uroflowmetry ** Shows a plateau * Retrograde and voi...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:46, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Peyronie disease (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Peyronie disease''' is characterised by idiopathic fibroproliferative disorder causing formation of fibrous plaque in the tunica albuginea, causing painful erection and abnormal curving of the erect penis. It affects middle-aged and older men. == Clinical features == * Painful erection * Abnormal curving of the erect penis * Indurations of the penis * Erectile dysfunction == Treatment == * Pentoxifylline * Intralesional injection of coll...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:45, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Phimosis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Phimosis''' refers to when the foreskin cannot be completely retracted over the glans penis. This is physiological in early years, affects almost all newborn, but only 1% of seventh grade boys. In some, it does not spontaneously resolve. == Etiology == * Congenital * Complication of balanitis * Scarring after trauma == Treatment == * Topical glucocorticoids and stretching * Surgical incision of the constricting parts * Circumcision <...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:43, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Balanitis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Balanitis''' refers to inflammation of the glans penis. Technically, the foreskin is usually inflamed as well, called '''balanoposthitis,''' but it's usually just called balanitis. == Etiology == * Poor genital hygiene * Phimosis * STD * Yeast infection * Drug reaction * Local irritants == Clinical features == * Pruritus * Pain * Oedema * Erythematous, ulcerated lesions == Diagnosis == * Clinical * Bacterial culture * KOH test for fung...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:42, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Priapism (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Priapism''' refers to an erection which lasts for more than 4 hours and which is not due to sexual excitation. It is not relieved by ejaculation. * Low-flow priapism ** Due to inadequate venous drainage *** Sildenafil, sickle cell disease, other drugs, thrombosis, etc. ** Treatment *** Cavernosal aspiration and irrigation *** Phenylephrine *** Surgery * High-flow priapism ** Not as urgent as low-flow, not painful ** Due to excessive...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:41, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Paraphimosis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Paraphimosis''' refers to the situation where the foreskin is retracted and cannot be returned to original position. This causes oedema of the glans, which worsens the problem, potentially leading to ischaemia and necrosis. It therefore requires urgent management. == Management == * Manual reduction after anaesthesia ** Local or regional anaesthesia * Surgery * Circumcision <section end="urology" /> Category:Urology") Tag: Visual edit
15:37, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B32. Non-malignant intrascrotal disorders: Differential diagnosis, and treatment (Created page with "= Hydrocoele = {{#lst:Hydrocoele|urology}} = Varicoele = {{#lst:Varicocoele|urology}} = Spermatocoele = {{#lst:Spermatocoele|urology}} = Inguinal hernia = ''(Inguinal hernia does not belong to urology, but rather to general surgery. I think it’s important to differentiate hydrocele from it, though.)''{{#lst:Inguinal hernia|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
15:32, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Spermatocoele (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Spermatocele''' is a swelling located at the upper pole of the epididymis. It's asymptomatic, harmless. It rarely requires treatment. <section end="urology" /> Category:Urology") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:29, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Varicocoele (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Varicocoele''' is an enlarged and tortuous pampiniform plexus in scrotum due to obstruction of the spermatic vein. It's very common (15% of men). == Etiology == * Idiopathic * Secondary to diseases which obstruct spermatic vein ** Retroperitoneal mass ** Thrombosis == Clinical features == * Typically affects left side * Dull pain * “Bag of worms” appearance * Symptoms improve when lying down ** Only in primary cases == Diagnosis ==...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:28, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Hydrocoele (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Hydrocoele''' is an accumulation of fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis leading to a swelling of the scrotum. It can occur in any age but is most common in infants. == Etiology == * Idiopathic ** Maybe due to impaired reabsorption of fluid by the tunica vaginalis * Lymphatic filariasis * Trauma * Tumour * Torsion * Congenital == Communicating hydrocele == * = the hydrocele communicates with the peritoneal cavity * Due to...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:24, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B31. Foreign bodies in the urinary tract (Created page with "{{#lst:Foreign bodies in the urinary tract|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
15:23, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Foreign bodies in the urinary tract (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />* Most foreign bodies find their way into the urethra or bladder * Etiology ** Sexual curiosity ** Iatrogenic * Clinical features ** Obstruction ** Local pain ** UTI * Diagnosis ** Anamnesis ** KUB x-ray – if the object is radiopaque ** CT – if object is radiolucent * Treatment ** Endoscopic extraction through urethra *** First choice ** Extraction through suprapubic cystotomy *** Objects in posterior urethra can be relocated to the bladder...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:22, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B30. Injuries of the bladder, urethra, penis, and scrotum (Created page with "{{#lst:Lower genitourinary tract injury|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
15:21, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Lower genitourinary tract injury (Created page with "<section begin="urology" /> == Bladder injury == * Etiology ** Pelvic fracture ** Iatrogenic * Diagnosis ** CT cystography * Types ** Intraperitoneal -> injury communicates with peritoneum *** Damage of bladder dome, which is intraperitoneal ** Extraperitoneal -> injury is confined to extraperitoneal space *** The rest of the bladder is extraperitoneal * Clinical features ** Gross haematuria ** Suprapubic pain ** Inability to urinate ** Intraperitoneal -> peritoneal irri...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:19, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B29. Injuries of the kidney and ureter: Etiology, evaluation, classification, and management (Created page with "{{#lst:Kidney and ureter trauma|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
15:18, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Kidney and ureter trauma (Created page with "<section begin="urology" /> == Kidney trauma == * Epidemiology ** Kidney injury occurs in 1 – 5% of all trauma ** Kidney injury is the most common genitourinary injury * Etiology ** Blunt trauma to abdomen ** Penetrating wounds of abdomen ** Motor vehicle accidents * Suspicious features ** Haematuria ** Pain ** Bruising ** Haematoma ** Fracture of lower ribs * Evaluation ** Contrast...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:13, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B28. Ptosis of the kidney: Symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments (Created page with "{{#lst:Nephroptosis|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
15:13, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Nephroptosis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Nephroptosis''' is a condition when the kidney which is not fixed to the retroperitoneum and therefore “floats”. The kidney will drop > 5 cm or > 2 vertebral columns when switching from supine to upright position. It's more common in thin females. In the upright position, the renal artery or pelvis may be compressed, causing renal ischaemia or upper urinary tract obstruction. == Clinical features == * Often asymptomatic * Feeling of he...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:02, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B27. Urinary obstruction and stasis: Differential diagnosis and management (Created page with "{{#lst:Urinary tract obstruction|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
15:02, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Urinary tract obstruction (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Urinary tract obstruction''' (UTO) is when there is blockage of urine anywhere in the urinary tract. It may be acute or chronic, and it may be unilateral or bilateral. We can also distinguish upper UTO from lower based on whether it occurs at the level above or below the bladder, respectively. The obstruction may be complete (no urine can pass) or incomplete. UTO may cause (postrenal) acute kidney injury and, if left untreated, chronic...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:01, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Ureteric stent (Redirected page to Ureteral stent) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
14:46, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page BPH (Redirected page to Benign prostatic hyperplasia) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
14:45, 5 October 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Nephrolithiasis (Redirected page to Kidney stone disease) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
16:44, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B26. Non-medical treatment of urolithiasis: Therapeutic modalities, indications, and contraindications (Created page with "{{#lst:Kidney stone disease|urology intro}} {{#lst:Kidney stone disease|urology management 2}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
16:43, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B25. Management and medical treatment of patients with urinary stones (Created page with "{{#lst:Kidney stone disease|urology intro}} {{#lst:Kidney stone disease|urology management}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
16:05, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B24. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of urolithiasis (Created page with "{{#lst:Kidney stone disease|urology clinical}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
16:02, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B23. Urinary stone: Epidemiology, composition, and etiology of specific stone types (Created page with "{{#lst:Kidney stone disease|urology stone}} Category:Urology (POTE course)")
15:54, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page A9. Cystourethroscopy: Requirements, technique, and indications (Created page with "{{#lst:Cystoscopy|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:52, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B22. Specific infections of the genitourinary tract (Created page with "= Genitourinary tuberculosis = {{#lst:Genitourinary tuberculosis|urology}} = Schistosomiasis = {{#lst:schistosomiasis|urology}} = Lymphatic filariasis = {{#lst:Lymphatic filariasis|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:44, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Lymphatic filariasis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Lymphatic filariasis''' is a tropical parasitic infection caused by nematode parasites of the family Filariodidea, also called simply filarial parasites. The disease is also called '''elephantiasis''' due to the typical symptoms where severe lymphoedema causes severe swelling of the extremities. The filarial parasites are transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. * Epidemiology ** Endemic in tropical countries * Pathogenesis ** Caused by th...") Tag: Visual edit
15:39, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Schistosomiasis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Schistosomiasis''' is a parasitic infection caused by Schistosoma parasite. Schistosoma haematobium causes urogenital/genitourinary schistosomiasis while other Schistostoma species cause intestinal schistosomiasis. The parasite lives in contaminated water. The parasite penetrates the skin and enters the circulation, from where it may infect the bladder or the intestines. It may take years for symptoms to appear. Urogenital schistosomiasis no...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:33, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Genitourinary tuberculosis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Genitourinary tuberculosis''' refers to tuberculosis which has spread to urinary tract. Genitourinary TB is the second most common extrapulmonary manifestation of TB after lymph node. The bacteria spreads haematogenously to kidney -> bacteria descend. It's very rare. * A potential very rare complication of intravesical BCG * Genitourinary TB presents 5 – 25 years after initial infection * Clinical features ** Dysuria ** Flank pain **...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:28, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B21. Kidney infection: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment (Created page with "''See topic B19 for pyelonephritis/upper urinary tract infection.'' Category:Urology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
15:26, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page B20. Prostatitis and lower urinary tract infections in men: Diagnosis and treatment (Created page with "''For lower urinary tract infection in general, see topic B19.'' = Acute bacterial prostatitis = {{#lst:Acute bacterial prostatitis|urology}} = Chronic bacterial prostatitis = {{#lst:Chronic bacterial prostatitis|urology}} = Chronic pelvic pain syndrome = {{#lst:Chronic pelvic pain syndrome|urology}} = Acute epididymitis = {{#lst:Acute epididymitis|urology}} Category:Urology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:23, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Chronic pelvic pain syndrome''' (CPPS), also called '''chronic non-bacterial prostatitis''', is a condition with chronic or recurrent urogenital symptoms (like chronic bacterial prostatitis) but without evidence of bacterial infection. * Types ** Inflammatory type (WBCs in four-glass test) ** Non-inflammatory type (no WBCs) * Clinical features ** Pain or discomfort *** Perineal, suprapubic, rectal, etc. ** Pain upon ejaculation ** Bloo...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:20, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Chronic bacterial prostatitis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Chronic bacterial prostatitis''' refers to chronic or recurrent urogenital symptoms with evidence of bacterial infection of the prostate, usually defined as symptoms > 3 of the last 6 months. It's relatively rare. * Etiology ** Often a complication of acute bacterial prostatitis, due to inadequate or too short treatment * Clinical features ** Same as acute, but intermittent and less severe ** No systemic symptoms * Diagnosis ** Meares-...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:14, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Acute bacterial prostatitis (Created page with "<section begin="urology" />'''Acute bacterial prostatitis''' is a severe infection of the prostate. It typically affects young and middle-aged men and is usually associated with a lower UTI. Untreated it can progress to sepsis, prostatic abscess, and endocarditis. * Etiology ** UTIs ** Genitourinary tract interventions * Clinical features ** High fever ** Pain *** Perineal or pelvic area *** On defecation ** Dysuria ** Frequency * Diagnosis ** Urinalysis **...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
15:12, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Pyelonephritis (Redirected page to Urinary tract infection) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
15:11, 27 September 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page UTI (Redirected page to Urinary tract infection) Tags: New redirect Visual edit