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21:03, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 35. Image-guided biopsies. Cyst puncture, drainage (biliary, renal, bladder etc.) (Created page with "* '''Needle size''' ** '''Measured in gauges (G)''' ** '''More gauges -> thinner needle''' ** '''20G is thinner than 18G''' * Image-guided biopsies ** Fine needle aspiration biopsy *** Tissue loses organization *** 20 – 22G needle *** Indications **** Breast biopsy **** Thyroid biopsy **** Lymph node biopsy ** Core biopsy = trucut biopsy *** Tissue maintains organization *** Ultrasound or CT guided *** Trucut needle is used **** 18G needle **** Bigger than FNAB needle...") Tag: Visual edit
21:03, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 34. Intravascular radiologic interventions II. Interventional radiologic treatment of bleeding, vasoocclusive techniques (embolization, sclerotisation). (Created page with "* Transcatheter embolization ** Produces emboli which close vessels *** Vessels supplying tumors *** Arteriovenous malformations *** GI tract bleeding *** Aneurysm ** A catheter is lead to the vessel -> particles, glue, etc are ejected -> cause embolization * Sclerotisation ** Delivering hypertonic sodium chloride or ethanol by catheter into liver cyst Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:02, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 33. Intravascular radiologic interventions I. Methods of revascularization (PTA, stent implantation, selective thrombolysis, catheter thrombectomy/embolectomy). (Created page with "* Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ** Indications *** Coronary artery disease *** Peripheral artery disease ** A deflated balloon attached to a catheter is passed into a narrowed vessel ** -> the balloon is inflated -> opens the vessel ** A stent can be placed where the vessel was narrowed to keep it open ** '''Stent can be made of''' *** '''Steel''' *** '''Gold''' *** '''Nickel-titanium''' *** '''(NOT wolfram)''' * Selective thrombolysis/fibrinolysis ** A catheter...") Tag: Visual edit
21:01, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 32. Imaging strategy in gynecologic tumors (cervix, uterus, ovarium). (Created page with "* Modalities ** '''Ultrasound''' *** '''Transvaginal''' **** Ovary **** Uterus **** Endometriosis *** Transabdominal **** Second choice *** Transrectal ** '''CT with contrast''' *** '''Preferred for staging of ovarian cc''' ** '''MRi pelvis''' *** '''Preferred for staging of endometrial, cervical, vulvar cc''' * '''Most important modality for oncological staging of all pelvic cancers''' ** '''MRI''' * Ovarian cancer ** Modality *** '''Ultrasound''' **** '''Preferably tra...") Tag: Visual edit
21:00, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 31. Imaging of the breast. Mammography, clinical mammography, ultrasound. (Created page with "* Breast cancer screening ** Modality *** Main modality for examination of breast: Mammography **** '''Uses low-energy, soft X-rays''' ***** '''20 – 30/40 kV''' ***** Soft rays are better at differentiating soft tissues of the breast **** '''Molybdenum anode (instead of tungsten)''' ***** '''Produces more characteristic x-rays''' **** '''Standard views''' ***** '''Cranocaudal (CC)''' ***** '''Mediolateral oblique (MLO)''' **** '''Breast prosthesis (silicone/saline) beh...") Tag: Visual edit
20:59, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 30. Imaging of the orbit and the paranasal sinuses. Imaging methods, indications and strategy. (Created page with "* '''Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma''' ** '''T2 MRi''' *** '''Black dots on MRi are vessels''' ** '''Treatment''' *** '''Embolization of supplying vessels''' * Midline fractures ** Le fort I – III ** Blow-out fractures (of the orbit) * Spaces of the eye ** Ocular space *** Anterior chamber of the eye *** Posterior chamber of the eye ** '''Intraoconal space''' *** The ocular muscles of the eye form a cone *** '''Optic meningioma can be found here''' ** '''Conal space''' **...") Tag: Visual edit
20:58, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 29. Imaging of the head and the neck. Imaging methods, indications and strategy. (Created page with "* Imaging ** Modalities *** CT **** Inner ear **** 120 kV *** MRi **** Retrocochlear lesions **** Paresis **** Schwannoma **** Tumors *** X-ray **** Paranasal sinuses **** Facial trauma * '''Cholesteatoma''' ** Basically an epidermoid cyst in middle ear or mastoid process ** '''CT or MRi''' ** '''No contrast necessary''' (not enhanced by contrast) * Carotid space ** A deep compartment of the head and neck ** Contains *** Common and internal carotid arteries *** Internal...") Tag: Visual edit
20:57, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 28. Imaging of the vertebral column and the spinal cord. Main diseases. (Created page with "* '''Disc hernia''' ** '''MRI (T2)''' * Spinal trauma ** X-ray Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
20:57, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 27. Imaging in neurotrauma. (Created page with "* '''Modalities''' ** '''Non-contrast CT head''' *** '''Trauma''' *** '''Suspected intracranial haemorrhage''' **** '''For example “worst headache of my life”''' *** '''(Not in tension headache)''' ** '''MRI head''' *** '''Pre-operative work up''' * '''Haemorrhage on non-contrast CT''' ** '''Acute – hyperdense''' ** '''Subacute – isodense with brain''' ** '''Late/chronic – hypodense''' * '''Epidural haematoma''' ** '''Arterial origin''' *** '''Mostly middle men...") Tag: Visual edit
20:56, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 26. Neuroradiology. Imaging of acute intracranial vascular diseases. Stroke. (Created page with "* '''Ischaemic stroke''' ** '''Gold standard: Multimodal CT evaluation''' *** Non-contrast CT *** CT angiography *** CT perfusion ** '''Diffusion weighted MRi''' *** Shows ischaemia within minutes *** Ischaemia causes decreased tissue water diffusion ** Phases *** '''Acute phase''' **** '''CT cannot reliably detect ischaemia this early (< 24 hours)''' **** '''However, CT may detect the embolus itself (hyperdense artery, often middle cerebral a.)''' *** '''Subacute phase...") Tag: Visual edit
20:56, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 25. Neuroradiology. Imaging techniques and indications. (Created page with "{{:Neuroimaging}} * CNS tumors ** '''Oligodendroglioma''' *** '''Most frequently calcified CNS tumor (90% of them)''' ** '''Giant cell astrocytoma''' *** '''Near foramen of Monroe -> indicates tuberous sclerosis''' * CNS abscess ** '''First choice: MRI (T2 and DWI)''' ** '''Abscess has oedema around it''' * '''CNS infections''' ** '''Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy (PML)''' *** '''Deadly viral infection in AIDS patients''' * CNS malformations ** '''Schizenceph...") Tag: Visual edit
20:54, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Neuroimaging (Created page with "We can separate '''neuroimaging''' into two types: * Structural neuroimaging – gives diagnosis of gross intracranial disease, like tumour or injuries * Functional neuroimaging – used to examine certain functions == Computer tomography (CT) == CT is usually used for neurological emergencies, especially to rule out haemorrhage as a cause of stroke. It’s also used for traumatic injuries of the brain and Traumatic spinal injury|sp...") Tag: Visual edit
20:48, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Digital subtraction angiography (Redirected page to Angiography#Digital subtraction angiography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
14:44, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 24. Imaging of bone metastases. Radiologic and nuclear medicine techniques. (Created page with "{{:Bone metastasis}} == Codman triangle == {{:Codman triangle}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
14:42, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Codman triangle (Created page with "'''Codman triangle''' is a radiography sign visible in case of rapidly growing bone lesions, where the lesion grows so quickly that the periosteum does not have time to ossify. The sign refers to a triangular elevation of the periosteum visible on the radiograph. The sign is usually seen in: * Osteosarcoma * Ewing sarcoma * Bone metastasis * +++ <noinclude>‎Category:Radiology Category:Pathology</noinclude>") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:38, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Bone metastasis (Created page with "'''Bone metastases''' are far more frequent than primary bone tumors. Bones are the third most common site of metastasis, after the lung and liver. They are often multiple rather than solitary. The most frequent symptom of bone metastasis is strong bone pain and pathological fractures. == Etiology == These metastases often originate from: * Breast cancer * Lung cancer * Prostate cancer * ...") Tag: Visual edit
14:38, 4 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Kidney cancer (Redirected page to Renal cancer) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
22:14, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 23. Imaging of inflammatory bone and joint diseases. Osteomyelitis, arthritis. Aseptic bone necrosis. (Created page with "= Osteomyelitis = {{#lst:Osteomyelitis|radiology}} = Osteonecrosis = {{#lst:Osteonecrosis|radiology}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
22:13, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Osteonecrosis (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />'''Osteonecrosis''', also called '''avascular necrosis''', refers to ischaemic necrosis of bone caused by impaired blood supply. It may affect any part of the bone but most commonly the knee and femoral head.<section end="radiology" /> == Diagnosis and evaluation == <section begin="radiology" /> === Imaging === MRI is the main imaging modality in the evaluation of osteonecrosis.<section end="radiology" /> {{:Stub}} Category:Orthopaedi...") Tag: Visual edit
22:07, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Osteomyelitis (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />'''Osteomyelitis''' is an infection involving bone, caused by bacteria in most cases. It may be severe, and it may affect any bone. The pathogen may enter the bone directly (non-hematogenous osteomyelitis), usually after trauma or wounds, or from the blood (haematogenous osteomyelitis). <section end="radiology" /> == Clinical features == Symptoms include bone pain and fever. == Diagnosis and evaluation == Acute phase reactant|Acute phase...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:58, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 21. Imaging of musculoskeletal trauma (bones and soft tissue). Radiologic signs of fracture healing. Terminology. (Created page with "{{:Musculoskeletal imaging}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:57, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 22. Imaging of degenerative joint diseases. (Created page with "{{#lst:Osteoarthritis|radiology}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:57, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Osteoarthritis (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />'''Osteoarthritis''' (OA), also called '''degenerative joint disease''', is a common chronic disorder characterised by degeneration of joints. It's the most common type of arthritis. It usually affects weight-bearing joints like the knees, hips, feet, as well as joints of the spine and hands.<section end="radiology" /> == Diagnosis and evaluation == No laboratory test is available for OA. The diagnosis is made based on typical clinical f...") Tag: Visual edit
21:54, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Stub (Created page with "''This article is a stub, meaning that it is unfinished. It will eventually be expanded.''") Tag: Visual edit
21:30, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Musculoskeletal imaging (Created page with "* Imaging of musculoskeletal trauma ** X-ray first *** 2 directions are always needed! **** Fractures are often visible in only one direction, so we need 2 x-rays from different perpendicular directions to evaluate *** Evaluation of x-ray **** Anatomical shape, form and alignment **** Cortex and medullary structure ***** Medulla should have trabecular pattern **** Surface of joint **** Surrounding soft tissues **** In children ***** Epiphyseal plates *** Fracture **** -...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:25, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 16. Imaging of the pancreas and the spleen. Imaging techniques, indications, information content. (Created page with "= Acute pancreatitis = {{#lst:Acute pancreatitis|radiology}} = Pancreatic cancer = {{#lst:Pancreatic cancer|radiology}} = Splenic rupture = {{#lst:Splenic rupture|radiology}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:22, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 15. Imaging of the liver and the hepatobiliary system. Imaging techniques, indications, information content. (Created page with "{{:Hepatobiliary imaging}} = MRCP = {{:MRCP}} = ERCP = {{:ERCP}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:17, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page 14. Imaging of the colon. Inflammatory diseases of the colon. Diverticulosis. Colon tumors. (Created page with "{{:Colonography}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:13, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page IBD (Redirected page to Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
21:13, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Inflammatory bowel disease (Redirected page to Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis)) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
21:08, 2 January 2024 Nikolas talk contribs created page Hepatobiliary imaging (Created page with "Ultrasound is the primary modality for '''imaging of the liver and biliary system.''' CT and MR may also be used, but only if ultrasound does not visualise the pathology. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MCRP), endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) are also used. == Indications == * Liver pathology ** Hepatic tumour (HCC) ** Liver abscess ** Jaundice ** S...") Tag: Visual edit
14:00, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 20. Imaging of the venous and lymphatic system and their diseases. Deep vein thrombosis. (Created page with "= Venography = {{:Venography}} = Deep vein thrombosis = {{#lst:Deep vein thrombosis|radiology}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
13:56, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Venography (Created page with "'''Venography''' refers to any imaging technique which allows for visualisation of veins. The equivalent for arteries is called angiography, and both can be performed during the same procedure. Venography can be performed with CT or MR. Duplex ultrasonography is also used to visualise veins, but this isn't referred to as venography. == CT venography == CT venography involves using iodine contrast to visualise veins. This is usually indicated for: * Cerebral v...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:15, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 19. Imaging of the arterial system and arterial diseases. Methods of angiography. Indications and complications. (Created page with "{{:Angiography}}") Tag: Visual edit
11:13, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page MR angiography (Redirected page to Angiography#MR angiography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:13, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page CT angiography (Redirected page to Angiography#CT angiography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:13, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Angiography (Created page with "'''Angiography''' refers to any imaging modality which visualises blood vessels, including arteries, veins, and heart chambers. Angiography can be performed with CT, MR, or with fluoroscopy. == Conventional angiography == Conventional angiography, sometimes called simply angiography, is the oldest form of angiography. A catheter is inserted into a vessel, through which contrast is ejected. Fluoroscopy is used to capture the movement of contrast through t...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:01, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Coronary CT angiography (Redirected page to Cardiac computed tomography#Coronary CT angiography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
10:27, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 18. Onco-uroradiology: Adrenal and renal masses. Masses of the urinary bladder, the prostate and the testis. Imaging techniques and strategy. (Created page with "* Masses of the adrenal gland ** In childhood *** US is primary modality ** In adults *** CT is primary modality *** US *** MRI with in phase – out phase ** Haemorrhage *** US *** CT * Masses of the kidney ** Kidney cysts *** US **** Hypoechoic/anechoic cysts ** Benign tumors *** US ** Renal cancer *** CT in adults *** US in children * Masses of the prostate ** Modality *** Transrectal ultrasound **** Also used to guide biopsy for definitive diagnosis *** MRi * Diseas...") Tag: Visual edit
10:26, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs moved page Renal cell carcinoma to Renal cancer
10:20, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Bladder cancer (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />The most common urinary '''bladder cancer''' by far is the urothelial carcinoma, previously called transitional cell carcinoma (90% of cases). The remaining cases are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.<section end="radiology" /> Urothelial carcinoma can occur anywhere there is urothelium, although it occurs most commonly in the bladder and renal pelvis and more rarely in the ureters and urethra. It's usually asymptomatic in early st...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
09:59, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page WAGR syndrome (Redirected page to Wilms tumour#WAGR syndrome) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
09:58, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Nephroblastoma (Redirected page to Wilms tumour) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
09:58, 22 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Wilms tumour (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />'''Wilms tumour''', also called '''nephroblastoma''', is a tumour of the metanephric blastema. It’s the most common renal tumour in childhood. It mostly presents before the age of 5. 5% of cases are bilateral.<section end="radiology" /> == WAGR syndrome == Wilms tumour may be part of a syndrome called WAGR syndrome, characterised by Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and retardation (intellectual disability). == Clinical feat...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:36, 21 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Renal cell carcinoma (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />'''Renal cell carcinoma''' (RCC) is the most common renal cancer in adults, accounting for 80+%. It's a malignant epithelial tumor that arises from the kidney tubules. It's usually discovered incidentally. When symptomatic, it usually presents with a classic triad of haematuria (with normal and not dysmorphic RBCs), costovertebral pain and/or a palpable mass in the flank. It's a relatively rare malignancy, with an incidence of 15/100 000 ne...") Tag: Visual edit
13:46, 21 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 17. Imaging of the urinary system. Indications, diagnostic strategy. Renal inflammatory diseases, nephrolithiasis. (Created page with "= Kidney stone disease = {{#lst:Kidney stone disease|radiology}} = Acute kidney injury = {{#lst:Acute kidney injury|radiology}} = Chronic kidney disease = {{#lst:Chronic kidney disease|radiology}} = Glomerulonephritis = {{#lst:Glomerulonephritis|radiology}} Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
15:01, 19 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Kidney stone disease (Created page with "<section begin="radiology" />'''Kidney stone disease''', also called '''nephrolithiasis''' or '''urolithiasis''', refers to the presence of kidney stones in the urinary tract. When stones are present in the ureter it may be called '''ureterolithiasis''', while stones in the bladder are usually simply called '''bladder stones''' or '''bladder calculi'''. It's a relatively common condition, with a lifetime prevalence of 10 - 20 percent.<section end="radiology" /> Many hav...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
14:41, 19 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Urine analysis (Redirected page to Urine dipstick test) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
13:52, 19 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page MRCP (Redirected page to Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
13:25, 19 December 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Endoscopic ultrasound (Redirected page to Upper endoscopy#Endoscopic ultrasonography) Tags: New redirect Visual edit