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• 12:56, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Margin of safety figure.png
• 12:56, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Margin of safety figure.png
• 12:54, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Irreversible competitive antagonist drug-occupancy curves with antagonist.png
• 12:54, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Irreversible competitive antagonist drug-occupancy curves with antagonist.png
• 12:53, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Irreversible competitive antagonist drug-response curves.png
• 12:53, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Irreversible competitive antagonist drug-response curves.png
• 12:52, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:PA2 equation.png
• 12:52, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:PA2 equation.png
• 12:51, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Schild equation.png
• 12:51, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Schild equation.png
• 12:51, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Competitive antagonist drug-response curves.png
• 12:51, 16 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Competitive antagonist drug-response curves.png
• 20:27, 14 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Bipolar disorder (Created page with "Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric disorder characterised by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes, with or without depressive episodes as well. It's a chronic disorder in which the patient experiences periods of remission with occasional above-mentioned episodes. One distinguishes two major types of bipolar disorder, bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder. Bipolar I is the most severe, characterised by episodes of mania, while bipolar II disorder is les...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:26, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 3. Significance of signal transduction mechanisms in the effects of drugs. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance to drugs (Created page with "We already went through the basic mechanisms of drug action in topic 3. Here we will discuss their signal mechanisms. The topic is mostly repetition of biochemistry 1 and 2. == Receptor types == === Ionotropic receptor === thumb|324x324px|Structure of ionotropic receptors Ionotropic receptors, more commonly known as ''ligand-gated ion-channels'', are ion channels that are opened when a ligand binds to it. This type of receptor...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:25, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Smooth muscle contraction signal transduction.png
• 14:25, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Smooth muscle contraction signal transduction.png
• 14:25, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Cardiac muscle contraction signal transduction.png
• 14:25, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Cardiac muscle contraction signal transduction.png
• 14:24, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Function of adenylyl cyclase.png
• 14:24, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Function of adenylyl cyclase.png
• 14:23, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Ionotropic receptor structue.png
• 14:23, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Ionotropic receptor structue.png
• 14:22, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 2. Characterisation of agonist-receptor interaction. Occupancy, affinity, dose-response curve, potency, efficacy (Created page with "A quick summary: * Occupancy shows the fraction of the total number of receptors in the tissue that is occupied by the drug. It’s determined by the constant ''p.'' * A drug’s affinity to its receptor is determined by the constant Kd. When Kd is low is the affinity high. A high affinity is always good and has no drawbacks. * Efficacy is a measure of how “effective” the drug is. It measures how large of a cellular response the drug can induce in the tissue, which...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:21, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Occupancy-response plot.png
• 14:21, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Occupancy-response plot.png
• 14:21, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Concentration-response curve.png
• 14:21, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Concentration-response curve.png
• 14:20, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Drug-response curve.png
• 14:20, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Drug-response curve.png
• 14:19, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hill-Langmuir equation plot.png
• 14:19, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hill-Langmuir equation plot.png
• 14:18, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hill-Langmuir equation.png
• 14:18, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hill-Langmuir equation.png
• 14:18, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Agonist-receptor interaction 2.png
• 14:18, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Agonist-receptor interaction 2.png
• 14:17, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Agonist-receptor interaction.png
• 14:17, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Agonist-receptor interaction.png
• 14:15, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 1. Basic mechanisms of drug actions (examples of drug effects on receptors, ion channels, enzymes, carrier systems and effects mediated by physicochemical interactions) (Created page with "This topic covers the ways that drugs can affect the body. Most drugs bind to endogenous macromolecules in the body, like receptors, ion channels, enzymes, carrier molecules, structural proteins or DNA. Certain other mechanisms also exist. Let’s go into detail. == Drugs that bind to receptors == File:Agonist and antagonist drug action.png|thumb|319x319px|This figure shows how agonists and antagonists work. Agonists activate the receptor when they bind to the recepto...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:15, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Agonist and antagonist drug action.png
• 14:15, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Agonist and antagonist drug action.png
• 14:07, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Pharma topics which are now ancient artifacts (Created page with "''A long time ago, in a galaxy far far away, when I had pharmacology, the subject used to be split into three rather than 2. Pharma 1 and 2 in the first and second semester of third year, followed by Pharma 3 in the first semester of fourth year. With the change to the current (fourth-year two-semester) system came some small changes in the topic list. Some topics which were in the list when I had my exam were removed. Rather than delete them outright, I’ve decided to...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:06, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Pharmacology 1 (Created page with "Flashcards for what was previously pharma 1 (topics are mostly the same but out of order): Anki here<ref>https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/1194549732</ref> and cram here<ref>https://www.cram.com/folders/pharmacology-1-260004</ref>. For what was previously pharma 2: Anki here<ref>https://ankiweb.net/shared/info/727870581</ref> and cram here<ref>https://www.cram.com/folders/pharmacology-2-245394</ref>. ''NB: Topic 28 is missing because it didn’t exist when I had pharma....") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:04, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 74. Age-related alterations in thermoregulation (Created page with "The core body temperature of older people is lower than that of younger people (by approx. 0.5℃)<ref>https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/333148</ref>. Their tolerance of extreme temperatures is more limited. Most deaths related to hypothermia and hyperthermia occur in elderly, signifying the importance of this topic. Thermoregulation depends on organ systems like the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the functions of which deteriorate with age. Not only autonomic...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:04, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 73. Basic concepts of gerontology (Created page with "Gerontology is the study of physiological and pathophysiological changes of aging. It also includes studies diseases that commonly affect elderly, as well as how diseases that affect both young and older people affect them differently. In the developed countries the society is aging in general. As healthcare improves more elderly people survive, and so the average age of the population increases. The number of people older than the age of 65 increases. This makes geront...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:03, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 72. Principles of exercise testing (spiro-ergometry). Anaerobic threshold and maximal oxygen (Created page with "Spiroergometry is a procedure in which a subject is subjected to progressively more difficult physical activity while their ventilation and cardiac function is monitored. The test subject usually walks on a treadmill which progressively increases the speed and incline to increase the difficulty. The functional capacity of the cardiac and respiratory systems can be measured. The purpose of this procedure is to diagnose or assess the severity of certain heart or pulmonary...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:02, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 71. Disturbances of consciousness, vigilance. Coma. Acute unconsciousness (Created page with "== Consciousness == Consciousness is defined as “the capability of the individual to perceive and process environmental stimuli”. The state of consciousness can be characterised by: * Its level, the state of wakefulness – the vigilance * Its content – the integrity of the responses, the cognitive abilities Vigilance is maintained by the ''ascending reticular activating system'' (ARAS) in the reticular formation in the brainstem and thalamus. This can be thought...") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:01, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Glasgow Coma Scale.jpg
• 14:01, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Glasgow Coma Scale.jpg
• 13:58, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 70. Mechanisms and disturbances of bone remodeling. Osteoporosis, osteomalacia (Created page with "== Bone remodelling == Bone is a dynamically changing tissue that constantly undergoes degradation and formation. In physiological cases these two processes are of similar magnitude and the bone mass therefore doesn’t change much. This process is called bone ''remodelling''. Bone consists of 70% inorganic material like water and minerals and 30% organic material. The most important inorganic material of bone is ''hydroxyapatite'', a salt of calcium, inorganic phosphat...") Tag: Visual edit
• 13:57, 10 March 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 69. Hypocalcemia, hypercalcemia (Created page with "== Calcium homeostasis == Calcium in the serum exists in one of two forms; it’s either in the free, ionized Ca2+ form or bound to proteins, especially albumin. The proportion is approximately 1:1, meaning that 50% of serum calcium is free while 50% of serum calcium is bound. Only the free calcium is biologically active; if 100% of serum calcium was bound it would be equal to having no calcium in the serum, functionally speaking. The normal calcium level in the serum i...") Tag: Visual edit