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• 12:52, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Sickle red blood cell.png
• 12:52, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 9. Iron metabolism and related disorders (Created page with "== Summary == * Iron homeostasis is regulated at the level of absorption by hepcidin and IREs and IRPs * Iron is absorbed as Fe2+ through DMT1 and ferroportin 1 * Iron is stored in ferritin molecules in the body. It’s transported in the blood by transferrin. == Absorption == Iron is found in the body in two forms. Metabolically active iron is currently in use in molecules such as haemoglobin, cytochromes, metalloenzymes, myoglobin, or bound to a protein called transf...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:51, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Iron absorption regulation.png
• 12:51, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Iron absorption regulation.png
• 12:51, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Iron absorption.png
• 12:51, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Iron absorption.png
• 12:46, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 8. Trace elements (Created page with "== Summary == * Many minerals are needed by the body in small doses == Iron == Iron is essential for all living organisms. We require 1-3 mg of iron every day. Iron is absorbed as Fe2+ ions but is stored as Fe3+. Many proteins contain iron in humans. They can be divided into two groups: the ones that require iron as part of the heme group, and the ones that don’t contain heme. Most proteins belong to the first group, like haemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, catalase...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:46, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 7. Alcohol (Created page with "== Summary == * High intake can be toxic to brain, <abbr>GI</abbr> tract, pancreas, liver * Alcohol is absorbed in the mouth, stomach and small intestine * It is processed by ''alcohol dehydrogenase/Cytochrome P450/catalase'' and then by ''aldehyde dehydrogenase'' == Not much to write about this == File:Ethanol oxidation.png|thumb|383x383px|This figure shows the three different enzymes that can oxidize ethanol. It’s important to know the location of the three enzym...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:46, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Alcohol consumption worldwide.png
• 12:46, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Alcohol consumption worldwide.png
• 12:45, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Ethanol oxidation.png
• 12:45, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Ethanol oxidation.png
• 12:44, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 6. Liver functions (Created page with "== Summary == * This topic focuses on the livers detoxification properties, as its metabolic functions should be known already * The liver stores minerals like iron and copper, and vitamins like A, D, E, K and B12. Some of these vitamins are stored in amounts enough to supply the body for years! * The liver ''biotransforms'' (processes) both exogens like drugs and food additives, and endogens, like steroid hormones and metabolites * Biotransformation takes place in two...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:43, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Some phase II reactions in the liver.png
• 12:43, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Some phase II reactions in the liver.png
• 12:38, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 5. Lipoproteins (Created page with "== Summary == * Lipoproteins are complex proteins that transport lipids around in the body, composed of apolipoproteins (polypeptides), cholesterol, triacylglycerols and phospholipids * The lipoproteins, where the first contains most lipids and the last contains the least, are chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL and HDL * Chylomicrons transport dietary fat from the intestines into the body. This is the ''exogenous lipid transport'' pathway''.'' The apolipoprotein in chylomicrons is...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:37, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Lipoprotein composition.jpg
• 12:37, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Lipoprotein composition.jpg
• 12:32, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Lipoprotein properties.png
• 12:32, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Lipoprotein properties.png
• 12:30, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 4. Well-fed and fasting states (Created page with "== Summary == * In the well-fed state, the pancreas produces insulin, which puts the body into an ''anabolic'' state, which signals the body to start using glucose and ATP for maintenance processes * In the fasting state, the pancreas produces glucagon, which puts the body into a catabolic state, which activates processes that increase blood glucose that the brain and muscles can use. * Adipose tissue produces a hormone called ''leptin'', which inhibits hunger and activ...") Tag: Visual edit
• 12:30, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hunger and satiety regulation.jpg
• 12:30, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hunger and satiety regulation.jpg
• 12:29, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Molecular mechanism of thiazolidinedione.png
• 12:29, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Molecular mechanism of thiazolidinedione.png
• 12:29, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Thiazolidinedione mechanism of action.png
• 12:29, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Thiazolidinedione mechanism of action.png
• 12:28, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Activation of beta oxidation by AMPK.png
• 12:28, 26 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Activation of beta oxidation by AMPK.png
• 13:56, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 3. Micronutrients (Created page with "== Summary == * The micronutrients are vitamins, minerals and trace elements * The minerals are Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, PO43- and Cl– * Many trace elements are needed, like iron, iodine, zinc, copper and fluorine == Sodium, chloride and potassium == The main role of sodium and potassium ions is to carry charge. By having different amounts of charge inside and out of the cell, we create a potential force called the action potential, because electrochemical forces want to...") Tag: Visual edit
• 13:56, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Secretion of sodium and chloride.png
• 13:56, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Secretion of sodium and chloride.png
• 13:50, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 2. Biochemistry of digestion (Created page with "== Summary == * Energy in the body is used for biosynthesis, maintaining gradients, heat production and physical work * The basal metabolic rate is influenced by body surface, age, gender and exercise * The macronutrients are water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and ballast substances * The micronutrients are vitamins, minerals and trace elements * Digestion starts with ''amylase'', released from the salivary glands in the mouth. It hydrolyses starch * Digestion, and...") Tag: Visual edit
• 13:50, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Digestion and absorption of lipids.png
• 13:50, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Digestion and absorption of lipids.png
• 13:49, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.png
• 13:49, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.png
• 13:49, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Protein absorption mechanism.png
• 13:49, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Protein absorption mechanism.png
• 13:48, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Digestive enzyme cascade.png
• 13:48, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Digestive enzyme cascade.png
• 13:48, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hormonal stimulation of digestive enzymes.png
• 13:48, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hormonal stimulation of digestive enzymes.png
• 13:47, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Digestive enzymes.png
• 13:47, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Digestive enzymes.png
• 13:46, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Body fluid composition comparison.png
• 13:46, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Body fluid composition comparison.png
• 13:46, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hydrochloric acid pump system.png
• 13:46, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hydrochloric acid pump system.png
• 13:45, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Products of exocrine organs.png