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13:45, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Products of exocrine organs.png
13:44, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 1. Metabolic division of labour among organs (Created page with "== Summary == * Brain and nerve cells use 60-70% of their energy for transport processes, mostly for the ''Na+/K+ ATPase'', to uphold the action potential * The brain uses almost exclusively glucose as an energy source, but can use ketone bodies as well * PET (positron emissions tomography) can be used to detect large amounts of glucose in the body. Glucose normally accumulates in tumours, among other places. * Muscles use mostly (>85%) fatty acids as an ATP energy sour...") Tag: Visual edit
13:43, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:PFK-2-F26BPase cardiac muscle.png
13:43, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:PFK-2-F26BPase cardiac muscle.png
13:43, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:PFK-2-F26BPase liver.png
13:43, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:PFK-2-F26BPase liver.png
13:41, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Lipolysis pathway in adipocyte (Created page with "center|frameless|544x544px|The lipolysis pathway in the adipocyte {| class="wikitable" !Abbreviation !Name !Function |- |TAG |Triacylglycerol |A glycerol with three fatty acids. Released from lipid droplets when perilipin is phosphorylated. |- |<abbr>DAG</abbr> |Diacylglycerol |A glycerol with two fatty acids |- |MAG |Monoacylglycerol |A glycerol with just one fatty acid |- |ATGL |Adipocyte triacylglycerol lipase |Catalyses TAG ->...") Tag: Visual edit
10:35, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Lipolysis pathway adipocyte.png
10:35, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Lipolysis pathway adipocyte.png
10:34, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Overview of proteins relevant for Medical Biochemistry (Created page with "== Apoptosis and cell death related == {| class="wikitable" !Protein !Function !Involved in disease or pathway |- |APAF-1 |Forms a pro-apoptotic complex with cytochrome c called the apoptosome |Apoptosis, intrinsic pathway |- |'''BAD, BAX, BAK''' |'''Pro-apoptotic proteins''' |'''Apoptosis, intrinsic pathway''' |- |'''Bcl-2''' |'''Anti-apoptotic protein''' |'''Anti-apoptosis''' |- |Caspases |Cascade that activates apoptosis |Apoptosis |- |Caspase-dependent DNase (CAD) |C...") Tag: Visual edit
10:31, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Medical Biochemistry lectures (Created page with "Category:Medical Biochemistry") Tag: Visual edit
10:30, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Medical Biochemistry help material (Created page with "Category:Medical Biochemistry") Tag: Visual edit
10:30, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Medical Biochemistry (Created page with "Category:2nd year") Tag: Visual edit
10:28, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 21. Immunological tolerance (Created page with "Tolerance is the act when the immune system does not act against a specific antigen. It happens all the time, because your immune system meets with antigens from your own body every second. However, some types of tolerance work by having the immune system never ''meet'' the antigen in the first place, as we will see. Unless you have a problem with your immune system, it should always tolerate self-antigens and never ever attack them. However, for some of us, that’s not...") Tag: Visual edit
10:27, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Immunological self-tolerance in normal self tissue.png
10:27, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Immunological self-tolerance in normal self tissue.png
10:27, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 20. Hypersensitivity (Created page with "Hypersensitivity responses are pathological overreaction responses by the immune system that lead to tissue damage. There are four different types of hypersensitivity reactions. The first three are mediated by immunoglobulins while the last is mediated by cells and cytokines. There is usually overlap between type I, type II and type III, so if someone has a type I reaction, they probably have type II and type III to some degree as well. == Hypersensitivity type I – im...") Tag: Visual edit
10:26, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Arthus reaction.png
10:26, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Arthus reaction.png
10:26, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hypersensitivity type I mechanism.png
10:26, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hypersensitivity type I mechanism.png
10:24, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 19. Systemic and local immunity (Created page with "The body has both an external and internal surface. The external surface consists of skin and is very large, approximately 1.8 m2. The internal surface however, consists of mucosa and is 400 m2! The skin is a strong physical barrier, which nothing is supposed to leave (except sweat and oils). The mucosa however, must be somewhat permeable to allow the body to take up nutrients from food and oxygen from air. The immune system of the mucosa is therefore more highly special...") Tag: Visual edit
10:24, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:M cell function.png
10:24, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:M cell function.png
10:23, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 18. Suppression of the immune response (Created page with "The immune system is regulated by suppression at multiple levels. An important conclusion to draw from this topic is that immune suppression is not a feature of just one cell type or one mechanism, but by a network of many cell types and regulatory mechanisms. == Suppression of the immune system at the cellular level == There are many mechanisms involved in suppressing the immune response to make sure it doesn’t go haywire. We’ll start with the suppression mechanism...") Tag: Visual edit
10:23, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Anti-idiotype antibodies.png
10:22, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Anti-idiotype antibodies.png
10:22, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:T helper cell differentiation.png
10:22, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:T helper cell differentiation.png
10:21, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Differentiation of dendritic cells.png
10:21, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Differentiation of dendritic cells.png
10:19, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 17. Immunological memory, primary and secondary immune response (Created page with "Recall the extrafollicular and germinal centre reaction, mainly that only T-dependent antigens like peptide antigens induce immunological memory, affinity maturation and isotype switching. The formation of immunological memory is essential as it makes it much easier for the immune system to battle the same pathogen if it should infect the body later. We still don’t quite know how memory cells are kept alive so long. For immune cells to live, their receptor must bind a...") Tag: Visual edit
08:41, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 16. T-helper cell mediated macrophage activation, delayed type hypersensitivity (Created page with "thumb|The sensitization phase The purple molecule on the <abbr>CD4</abbr>+ cell is the <abbr>TCR</abbr>, and it binds to the red MHC class II receptor on the APC. Certain pathogens (all are intracellular bacteria or viruses) and contact antigens cause an immune reaction called hypersensitivity type IV or ''delayed-type hypersensitivity''. Some examples are m. tuberculosis, c. albicans, herpex simplex virus...") Tag: Visual edit
08:40, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Structure of a granuloma.png
08:40, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Structure of a granuloma.png
08:40, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Effector phase of delayed type hypersensitivity.png
08:40, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Effector phase of delayed type hypersensitivity.png
08:39, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Sensitization phase of delayed type hypersensitivity.png
08:39, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Sensitization phase of delayed type hypersensitivity.png
08:37, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 15. Effector mechanisms of cell-mediated immune response (Created page with "== Differentiation of <abbr>CD8</abbr>+ T-cells to cytotoxic lymphocytes == Naïve CD8+ need to be activated by an antigen before it can really be cytotoxic and kill other cells. As we know by now, CD8+ T-cells can only recognize antigens when they are presented by a cell through an MHC I molecule. thumb|This figure shows how CD8+ T-cells (CTL-P) are activated to become CTL cells. Naïve CD8+ cells are also called ''cytotoxic lymphocyt...") Tag: Visual edit
08:37, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:NK cell recognition.png
08:37, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:NK cell recognition.png
08:36, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:CTL cell cytotoxicity.png
08:36, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:CTL cell cytotoxicity.png
08:35, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:CD8+ T-cell activation.png
08:35, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:CD8+ T-cell activation.png
08:33, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 14. Complement system (Created page with "The complement system is a major part of the effector system of the humoral (non-cellular) immune response. It’s a part of the innate immune system but has a connection to the adaptive immune system. It has several components. Inactive factors in the serum called complement factors will be activated and initiate an enzyme cascade, similar to the enzyme cascade of the blood clotting system. Cells have special receptors called complement receptors that bind activated co...") Tag: Visual edit
08:32, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Red blood cells phagocytosis transport.png
08:32, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Red blood cells phagocytosis transport.png
08:30, 25 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Complement system pathways.png