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- 13:34, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 38. The pulmonary circulation. Control of lung vessels (Created page with "== Pulmonary circulation == The pulmonary circulation is responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated, and to transport the blood back to the heart. When blood passes through the capillaries around the alveoli oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli while CO2 leaves the blood and enters the alveoli. The pulmonary circulation also partly provides nutrients and oxygen to the lung tissue itself, but the lungs have another circulation which...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:57, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 37. Circulation in the vein. Effect of gravity on circulation (Created page with "== Venous circulation == The venous circulation has two roles: * To return blood from the tissues to the heart * To store blood When we talk about “storing” blood in the venous circulation we don’t mean that venous blood lies stagnated in the venous circulation. We mean rather that the diameter of the veins is very large, which means that the veins contain a lot of blood volume. === Structure of veins: === Veins have a thinner vessel wall than the arteries. Thei...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:57, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Jugular pulse curve.png
- 09:57, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Jugular pulse curve.png
- 09:56, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:The phases of the Valsalva manoeuvre.png
- 09:56, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:The phases of the Valsalva manoeuvre.png
- 09:54, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 36. The properties, production and the movement of lymph (Created page with "== Lymphatic system == The lymphatic system contains a fluid called ''lymph''. The system has multiple functions: * Draining excess interstitial fluid from the interstitium into the blood * Carrying proteins and other large proteins, which are too large to be absorbed into the capillaries. * Absorbing fats from the <abbr>GI</abbr> tract * Transport of lymphocytes, antibodies and pathogens All tissues have lymphatic vessels, which eventually drain into the thoracic duct...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:53, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 35. Circulation through the capillaries (Created page with "== Structure of the microcirculation == The microcirculation is the blood flow in the smallest vessels, the arterioles, metarterioles, capillaries, and venules. It is at the level of the microcirculation where nutrients and gases are exchanged with the tissues. Blood flows from the arterial system and ends in the arterioles. So-called ''metarterioles'' branch off from the arterioles and connect the arterioles and the venules. Capillaries branch off from the metarteriole...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:52, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Starling forces.png
- 09:52, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Starling forces.png
- 09:52, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Starling equation 2.png
- 09:52, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Starling equation 2.png
- 09:51, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Starling equation 1.png
- 09:51, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Starling equation 1.png
- 09:51, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Structure of the microcirculation.png
- 09:51, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Structure of the microcirculation.png
- 09:48, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 34. The arterial and the venous pulse. Basic principles of hemodynamics. (Created page with "When we talk about the pulse, we refer to the ''arterial'' pulse. The arterial pulse is the periodic, tactile vibration which can be felt at different points on the body. The pulse is the result of the heart pumping. When the heart pumps, a pressure wave propagates along the arterial blood vessels, and when this pressure wave reaches a pulse point a pulse can be felt. The pulse rate is the same as the heart rate in normal cases. The arterial pulse wave which propagates...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:48, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Arterial pulse curve.png
- 09:48, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Arterial pulse curve.png
- 09:45, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 33. Arterial blood pressure. Determinants of normal arterial blood pressure (Created page with "== Circulatory system == The circulatory system is divided into many different parts. The systemic circulation is the one which supplies all tissues of the body with oxygenated blood and nutrients. The vast majority of blood is in the systemic circulation. The systemic circulation begins at the aorta and ends at the superior and inferior vena cavae. It has an arterial and a venous side, where the arterial side contains oxygen-and-nutrient-rich blood and the venous side c...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:43, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:MAP formula 2.png
- 09:43, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:MAP formula 2.png
- 09:43, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:MAP formula.png
- 09:43, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:MAP formula.png
- 09:42, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Blood pressure in the different parts of the circulatory system..png
- 09:42, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Blood pressure in the different parts of the circulatory system..png
- 09:41, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Organisation of the circulatory system.png
- 09:41, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Organisation of the circulatory system.png
- 09:39, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 32. The heart-lung preparation (Starling’s laws) (Created page with "== Heart-lung preparation == Starling made the so-called heart-lung preparation, where the heart and lungs are disconnected from the systemic circulation and the systemic circulation is replaced with artificial tubes. The heart will pump blood through these tubes and back into the right atrium. The lungs are ventilated artificially. The resistance of the artificial tube system could be altered, which simulates changes in the peripheral vascular resistance in vivo. The h...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:39, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 31. Ventricular wall tension and the Laplace relationship (Created page with "As explained in the previous topic, the tension in the ventricular wall is directly related to the ventricle’s oxygen requirement. When the wall tension increases, the oxygen requirement increases too. === LaPlace’s law === thumb|LaPlace's law LaPlace’s law describes the relationship of pressure, radius of the lumen, the thickness of the wall and the wall tension in hollow organs like the ventricles and blood vessels. LaPlace’s law is...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:38, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:LaPlace's law.jpg
- 09:38, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:LaPlace's law.jpg
- 09:34, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 30. Metabolism and energetics of cardiac muscle (Created page with "== Myocardial metabolism == The heart requires a lot of energy, not just to contract but also to maintain ion gradients. The myocardium performs only ''aerobic'' (oxygen-dependent) metabolism and not ''anaerobic'' (oxygen-independent) metabolism. This means that the myocardium requires large amounts of oxygen. The oxygen is supplied by the coronary circulation. When the myocardium works harder it requires more energy and therefore more blood, so the coronary circulation...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:33, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 29. Cardiac output. Measurement, normal standards and physiological variations (Created page with "== Important terms == The cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood the heart pumps out every minute. It’s normally 5 litres per minute. The end-systolic volume (ESV) is the amount of blood which is left inside the left ventricle after systole. The end-diastolic volume (EDV) is the amount of blood which is left inside the left ventricle after diastole, right before systole begins. The stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood the heart ejects with each cardiac cycl...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:33, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Fick principle.png
- 09:33, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Fick principle.png
- 09:32, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Formula for MAP.png
- 09:32, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Formula for MAP.png
- 09:31, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 28. The heart sounds. Phonocardiography (PCG) (Created page with "The heart makes sounds when it beats. More specifically, what we consider “heart sounds” are actually the sound of turbulent blood flow which occurs as the valves close. These sounds are very silent but can be heard with a stethoscope, which amplifies the sounds. This is called ''auscultation'' and is an important part of physical examination of the patient. The heart makes two sounds in healthy people. These are called the first and second heart sounds, or S1 and S...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:27, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Normal ECG 2.png
- 09:27, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Normal ECG 2.png
- 09:24, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 27. The human electrocardiogram (ECG). Electrocardiography. Bipolar and unipolar leads (Created page with "The human electrocardiogram, often called ECG, measures the electrical activity of the heart over time using electrodes placed on specific parts of the body. This is possible because a small part of the electrical impulse produced by the heart spreads into all parts of the body, including the skin. The cardiac impulse travels from the right atrium along the septum toward the apex of the heart, in a downward diagonal direction. == Characteristics of a normal ECG == A no...") Tag: Visual edit
- 09:22, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Precordial leads.png
- 09:22, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Precordial leads.png
- 09:21, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hexaxial reference system.png
- 09:21, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hexaxial reference system.png
- 09:21, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Limb leads.png
- 09:21, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Limb leads.png
- 08:09, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Normal ECG.png
- 08:09, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Normal ECG.png
