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11:30, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Roux-en-Y.png
11:27, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Gastric resection (Redirected page to Gastrectomy) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
11:26, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B17. Natural history and complications of gastro-duodenal ulcers (Created page with "{{:Peptic ulcer disease}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
11:04, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B16. Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (Created page with "{{:Gastrointestinal bleeding}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
11:03, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B15. Benign breast tumors and inflammatory diseases of the mammary gland (Created page with "{{:Benign breast tumour}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
11:02, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Benign breast tumour (Created page with "There exist multiple types of '''benign tumours of the breast'''. Some have potential to progress into breast cancer, some don't. == Treatment == Surgical removal is indicated for: * Intraductal papilloma with atypia * Complex sclerosing lesions * Complex fibroadenomas with suspicious histological features * Phyllodes tumour == Fibrocystic changes == Fibrocystic changes in the breast refers to multiple conditions where the terminal duct lobular unit is cystically...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
10:58, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B14. Colorectal tumors (Created page with "{{:Colorectal cancer}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
10:55, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B13. Nodular disease of the thyroid gland. (Created page with "= Thyroid nodule = {{:Thyroid nodule}} = Thyroid cancer = {{:Thyroid cancer}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
10:52, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B12. Diverticulosis and diverticulitis (Created page with "{{:Diverticular disease (diverticulosis and diverticulitis)}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
10:47, 9 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B11. The acute deep venous thrombosis. (Created page with "= Venous thromboembolism = {{:Venous thromboembolism}} = Deep vein thrombosis = {{:Deep vein thrombosis}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
20:29, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B10. Surgical treatment of adrenal tumors (Created page with "{{:Adrenal tumour}} = Adrenal adenoma = {{:Adrenal adenoma}} = Adrenal carcinoma = {{:Adrenal carcinoma}} = Phaeochromocytoma = {{:Phaeochromocytoma}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
20:27, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Peripheral neuroblastic tumour (Created page with "'''Peripheral neuroblastic tumors''' like neuroblastoma, '''ganglioneuroblastoma''' and '''ganglioneuroma''' are tumors that develop from neural crest cells that would develop into the sympathetic nervous system. These tumors are most frequently found in infants and young children. These tumors can occur anywhere in the sympathetic nervous system, but the majority arises from the adrenal medulla as adrenal tumours. Neuroblastoma is a tumour of...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
20:25, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Phaeochromocytoma (Created page with "'''Phaeochromocytoma''' is an adrenal tumour of the adrenal medulla. They originate from the catecholamine-producing chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and therefore can produce catecholamines in most cases. They can be benign or malignant. They’re most commonly small, circumscribed lesions, but they can be large, haemorrhagic masses as well. Phaeochromocytomas are considered malignant only if they’re locally aggressive or metastatic. Phaeochromocytomas...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
20:20, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Adrenal carcinoma (Created page with "'''Adrenal carcinomas''' are adrenal tumours which are usually larger (up to 20 cm) and aggressive malignant tumors. They usually contain necrosis or haemorrhage. They tend to invade the adrenal veins and inferior vena cava. These cancers are quite rare. <noinclude> Category:Endocrine surgery </noinclude>") Tag: Visual edit
20:16, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Adrenal adenoma (Created page with "'''Adrenal adenomas''' are small (1 – 5 cm), yellow, soft benign tumors of the adrenal cortex. Only a small percentage of them are functional (hormone-secreting), while the majority are non-functional. Adrenal tumours are often discovered incidentally on CT imaging, giving them the nickname '''adrenal incidentaloma'''. In most cases, these incidentalomas are harmless non-functional adrenal adenomas. Incidentalomas are found on 0,3 – 5% of abdominal CT scans...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
20:08, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Adrenal tumour (Created page with "'''Adrenal tumours''' range from asymptomatic to potentially causing lots of unusual symptoms. The most common ones are: * Adrenal adenoma * Adrenal carcinoma * Phaeochromocytoma * Peripheral neuroblastic tumour <noinclude>Category:Endocrine surgery</noinclude>") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
20:01, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B9. Traumatic and spontaneous rupture of the spleen (Created page with "{{:Splenic rupture}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
20:00, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Splenic rupture (Created page with "'''Rupture of the spleen''' is a potentially life-threatening condition. The spleen has a rich blood supply and rupture may therefore cause severe haemorrhage, haemorrhagic shock, or death. It’s the most frequent organ injury after blunt abdominal trauma cases, in which it occurs in 25% of cases. The spleen may rupture into an intact splenic capsule, in which case the bleeding will be contained for days or weeks until the capsule ruptures, causing haemorrhagi...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
19:59, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Asplenism (Created page with "'''Asplenism''' refers to the loss of spleen function, either due to surgical removal of the spleen (splenectomy) or due to loss of splenic phagocytic activity (but splenic tissue is intact). The latter is called '''functional asplenism''', while the former is '''anatomic asplenism'''. Functional asplenism is usually preceded by hyposplenism. Asplenism is important because losing splenic function means losing the body's protection against Encapsulated bacterium|encaps...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
19:43, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Laparoscopy (Redirected page to Laparoscopic surgery) Tags: New redirect Visual edit
19:37, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B8. Clinical manifestations of gallstone disease. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Created page with "= Gallstone disease = {{:Gallstone disease}} = Biliary colic = {{:Biliary colic}} = Choledocholithiasis = {{:Choledocholithiasis}} = Cholecystitis = {{:Acute calculous cholecystitis}} = Cholangitis = {{:Cholangitis}} = Gallstone ileus = {{:Gallstone ileus}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
19:30, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Cholecystectomy (Created page with "'''Cholecystectomy''' is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. In almost all cases, it's performed laparoscopically. It's a relatively technically simple procedure. == Indications == Cholecystectomy is the definitive treatment for gallstone disease, especially cholecystitis, biliary colic which isn't controlled conservatively, choledocholithiasis, and cholangitis caused by choledocholithiasis....") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
19:23, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B7. Resectable mammary cancer. Surgical and adjuvant treatment (Created page with "{{:Breast cancer}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
19:21, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Breast cancer (Created page with "'''Breast cancer''' is the most common malignancy in women and it’s the second most common cause of cancer mortality. The condition is related to increased oestrogen. When we talk about breast cancer we can mean either non-invasive or invasive carcinoma. These tumors develop from different parts of the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU). They most frequently affect the upper outer quadrant of the breast. Breast cancer is most common in older, post-menopausal women. Can...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
18:56, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B6. Clinical forms of thyroid cancer. Symptomatology and treatment. (Created page with "{{:Thyroid cancer}} = Thyroid nodules = {{:Thyroid nodule}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
18:54, 8 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B5. Acute appendicitis (Created page with "{{:Acute appendicitis}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
13:29, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B4. Hernias in general. (Created page with "{{:Hernia}} = Inguinal hernia = {{:Inguinal hernia}} = Incisional hernia = {{:Incisional hernia}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
13:26, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Inguinal hernia (Created page with "'''Inguinal hernia''' refers to herniation of intraabdominal contents into the inguinal region. It is the most common type of hernia and is mostly a disorder of older men. There are two types, indirect and direct. == Types == In indirect inguinal hernia, the contents herniate into the inguinal canal through the deep inguinal ring. The hernial sac lies within the spermatic cord. In direct inguinal hernia, the contents herniate directly through the posterior w...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:25, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Hernia (Created page with "A '''hernia''' is a condition where intraabdominal contents (usually intestine or fat) prolapse through a hernia “gate”, causing it to bulge out of the area in question. == Types == * External hernias (visible externally) ** Inguinal hernia – herniation through the inguinal canal ** Incisional hernia – herniation through the abdominal wall ** Umbilical hernia – herniation through the umbilicus * Internal hernias ** Congenital diaphragmatic hernia|Di...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:22, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B3. Intraabdominal abscesses. (Created page with "{{:Intraabdominal abscess}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
13:21, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Intraabdominal abscess (Created page with "'''Intraabdominal''' (or '''intraperitoneal''') '''abscesses''' are serious conditions which usually develop secondary to a pre-existing or concomitant abdominal infection. It can involve any abdominal organ, be located between bowel loops, or be free within the cavity. They may lead to organ failure, sepsis, shock, and death, and as such have a high mortality rate of 10 – 40%. == Etiology == * Abdominal surgery * Gastrointestinal perforation|Pe...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
13:15, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B2. Hyperparathyroidism. (Created page with "{{:Hyperparathyroidism}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
13:13, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page B1. Surgical diseases of the anorectum (Created page with "See topic "B34. Perianal abscesses and fistulae. Surgical management of hemorrhoids." Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
12:12, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A27. Postoperative complications, and their treatment, prevention (Created page with "{{:Postoperative complication}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
12:11, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Postoperative complication (Created page with "'''Postoperative complications''' may be general or specific to the type of surgery. Most occur during day 1 – 3 after operation, but complications can occur before and after this time as well. Some complications occur much later, like incisional hernia. General postoperative complications: * Fever * Nausea and vomiting * Ileus * Atelectasis * Venous thromboembolism (VTE) * Surgical site infection (A1 and A21) * Wound d...") Tag: Visual edit
12:07, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A26. Differential diagnosis of bloody stool. The significance of rectal digital investigation (Created page with "= Differential diagnosis of bloody stool = See topic A23. = Digital rectal examination = {{:Digital rectal examination}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
12:05, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Digital rectal examination (Created page with "'''Digital rectal examination''' (DRE) is an important investigation in the evaluation of the prostate, rectal bleeding, constipation, and faecal incontinence. Some advocate for its performance in all cases where the patient presents with a gastrointestinal or abdominal complaint, but the of using DRE as a routine examination is recently disputed<ref>https://emj.bmj.com/content/35/9/581</ref><ref>https://emj.bmj.com/content/35/9/579pdf&usg=AOvVaw03fohX-Rxz1Cmuctzr5kSJ</r...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:59, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A25. Physical signs of the acute abdomen (Created page with "See topic B42 and B5. Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
11:46, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A24. Precancerosis and its types (Created page with "{{:Precancerous lesion}} = Precancerous states of the GI tract = {{:Precancerous states of the GI tract}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
11:45, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Precancerous lesion (Created page with "A '''precancerous lesion''' consists of atypical cells and is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Precancerous lesions should usually be removed or regularly followed up for progression. Common examples include Barret oesophagus, adenomatous polyps, ductal carcinoma in situ, etc. <noinclude>‎Category:Pathology</noinclude>") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
11:38, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A23. Hemoptoe, hematemesis (Created page with "= Haemoptysis = {{:Haemoptysis}} = Haematemesis = {{:Gastrointestinal bleeding}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
11:32, 7 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Haemoptysis (Created page with "'''Haemoptysis''' (or '''haemoptoe''') refers to expectoration (coughing up) of blood originating from the lower respiratory tract. In most cases, haemoptysis is small and not life-threatening, originating from the pulmonary circulation. Life-threatening (also called “massive”) haemoptysis usually originates from the (higher pressure) bronchial circulation and is life-threatening due to large amounts of blood causing airway obstruction, significant gas exchange abnor...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:47, 6 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A22. Parenteral nutrition (Created page with "{{:Enteral and parenteral nutrition}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:46, 6 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Enteral and parenteral nutrition (Created page with "Malnutrition is a serious problem that increases the risk of morbidity and mortality and has high incidence amongst intensive care and postoperative patients. Most of these patients (postoperative, sepsis, severe burns, etc.) have hypermetabolism and increased protein catabolism. Nutrition support in the form of '''enteral''' or '''parenteral nutrition''' is used. The indications are as follows: * Patients unable to eat orally ** Inability to swallow ([[stroke]...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:40, 6 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A21. The use of antibiotics in surgery and ways of administration. (Created page with "{{:Antibiotics in surgery}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
21:40, 6 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Antibiotics in surgery (Created page with "The major role of '''antibiotics in surgery''' is as prophylaxis against postoperative infections. Proper use allows for reduction of incidence of infection, but overuse stimulates development of resistance. The decision to use antibiotic prophylaxis and the choice of antibiotics depend on the procedure and regional differences, and usually follows local guidelines. The bacteria are usually commensal (originate from the patient’s o...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:29, 6 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A20. The most frequent pyogenous infections (Created page with "Pyogenic infections are those which cause the formation of pus. Many bacteria are pyogenic, including staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, e. coli, etc. ''It’s difficult to know what they expect with this topic, but I’ll go with what Lee assumed should be included. Cellulitis is a disorder of infectology. Necrotising infections and abscesses belong to surgery.'' = Abscess = {{:Abscess}} = Necrotising soft tissue infection = {{:Necrotising soft tissue infection}} [...") Tag: Visual edit
21:28, 6 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Necrotising soft tissue infection (Created page with "'''Necrotising soft tissue infections''' (NSTI) are necrotising bacterial infections of the soft tissues, which are life-threatening and must be treated surgically immediately. Depending on the affected soft tissue, this may be '''necrotising fasciitis, necrotising myositis,''' or '''necrotising cellulitis'''. It can progress rapidly and so early recognition is important. Treatment involves early broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical debridement. Despite optimal therap...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:23, 6 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Abscess (Created page with "An '''abscess''' is an enclosed collection of pus within tissue, usually caused by bacterial infection. They may develop from local invasion from nearby infections, from haematogenous spreading, or from direct entry from outside (from trauma). Abscesses are more common in immunocompromised, diabetics, and IV drug users. There are many types of abscesses, as they can occur almost anywhere: * Skin abscess and perianal abscess * ...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
21:19, 6 November 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page A19. Methods of local anesthesia (conduction anesthesia, regional anesthesia) (Created page with "{{:Regional anaesthesia}} = Central regional anaesthesia = {{:Central regional anaesthesia}} = Peripheral regional anaesthesia = {{:Peripheral regional anaesthesia}} Category:Surgery final (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit