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15:54, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Fluorescent microscopy.jpg
15:54, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Fluorescent microscopy.jpg
15:48, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Immunohistochemistry example.png
15:48, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Immunohistochemistry example.png
15:47, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Cell surface markers (Created page with "{| class="wikitable" !Cell type !Surface markers |- |Langerhans cell |CD1, CD23, CD45 |- |Dendritic cell |CD1, <abbr>'''CD4'''</abbr>, CD45, '''<abbr>CD80</abbr> (B7), <abbr>CD86</abbr> (B7)''' |- |T-cell |<abbr>'''CD3'''</abbr>, CD5, CD28, CD45, CD62L |- |Helper T-cell |'''CD4''' + T-cell markers |- |Cytotoxic T-cell |<abbr>'''CD8'''</abbr> + T-cell markers |- |Regulatory T-cell |'''CD4, CD25''' + T-cell markers |- |Activated T-cell |'''CD25, CD152 (CTLA-4), CD154 (CD40...") Tag: Visual edit
15:46, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Basic Immunology help material (Created page with "Category:Basic Immunology") Tag: Visual edit
15:45, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Basic Immunology (Created page with "Category:2nd year") Tag: Visual edit
15:36, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 36. Vitamins (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * What is the biological function of vitamin B1? * What is the biological function of vitamin B2? * What is the biological function of vitamin B3? * What is the biological function of vitamin B5? * What is the biological function of vitamin B6? * What is the biological function of vitamin B7? * What is the biological function of vitamin B9? * What is the biological function of vitamin B12? * What is the biological function of vitamin C? * What...") Tag: Visual edit
15:35, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 35. NO and CO as signal molecules (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * Why do gaseous hormones not require a cell surface receptor? * Describe the half-life of NO * Which enzyme synthesises NO? * Describe the functions and differences of the various types of NOS * Describe the pathway of NO as a vasodilator * Describe the breakdown of cGMP * Which enzyme synthesises CO? * Describe the mechanism of toxicity of CO == Nitric oxide == Nitric oxide, or NO, is a colourless gas that is toxic in high doses. In physiolo...") Tag: Visual edit
15:34, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 34. Insulin (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * What is the purpose of insulin? * Describe the synthesis of insulin * Describe the process by which insulin is released in response to high blood glucose * Which biochemical processes are simulated by insulin? * Which biochemical processes are inhibited by insulin? * Describe the mechanism by which insulin inhibits the transcription of two gluconeogenetic enzymes * Describe the mechanism by which insulin stimulates ''glycogen synthase'' * Des...") Tag: Visual edit
15:31, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Insulin release.png
15:31, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Insulin release.png
15:31, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 33. Epinephrine and glucagon (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * What is the purpose of glucagon, and where is it synthesised? * In which physiological state is glucagon released? * Describe the synthesis of epinephrine * In which physiological state is epinephrine released? * Glucagon and epinephrine act by which signalling pathway? * Describe the <abbr>PKA</abbr> pathway from hormone-receptor binding to the activation of PKA * What are the differences in the biochemical actions of glucagon and epinephrin...") Tag: Visual edit
15:29, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 32. Cell signalling, receptors and kinases (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * What are the types of cell surface receptors? * Name two G-protein coupled receptors which are important in biochemistry * What is the function of the three different G proteins? * Name the receptor tyrosine kinase which is important in biochemistry * Name the two types of receptor guanylyl cyclase * Name a hormone whose receptor is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase * Describe the signalling pathway of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases * What is the p...") Tag: Visual edit
15:28, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Scaffold protein.png
15:28, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Scaffold protein.png
15:26, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:AMPK summary.png
15:26, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:AMPK summary.png
15:25, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hormone amplification.png
15:25, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hormone amplification.png
15:24, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 31. Hormones (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * Which are the most important peptide hormones in biochemistry? * Describe the structure of peptide hormones * What are catecholamines, and where are they synthesised? * Describe the synthesis of catecholamines * What are eicosanoids? * How are eicosanoids synthesised? * Which drugs act on eicosanoid synthesis? * What are steroid hormones? * Describe the synthesis of steroid hormones * Describe the receptors steroid hormones act on * What is t...") Tag: Visual edit
15:23, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hormone summary.png
15:23, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hormone summary.png
15:22, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 30. Mitochondrial protein synthesis, mitochondrial genome (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * Describe the structure of the mitochondrial genome * Does the mitochondrial genome encode all mitochondrial proteins? * How is mitochondrial DNA inherited? * Describe the replication of mtDNA * Describe the transcription of mtDNA == Mitochondria == Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell, but it also has other functions. It’s involved in programmed cell death (apoptosis), heat production, and anabolic processes in addition to its classi...") Tag: Visual edit
15:21, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 29. Regulation of gene expression (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * Describe the different gene “categories” * What are promoters? * What is the common structure of promoters? * What are repressors? * What are activators? * Describe the DNA-protein binding domains * What DNA-protein binding domain is found in HIF-1α? * Describe the function of the lac operon * Describe the SOS response in bacteria * Describe in trans regulation of mRNA * Describe in cis regulation of mRNA * What are the differences in ge...") Tag: Visual edit
15:20, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Epigenetic regulation.png
15:20, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Epigenetic regulation.png
15:20, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Enhancers, operators.png
15:20, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Enhancers, operators.png
15:19, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Gene structure.png
15:19, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Gene structure.png
15:18, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 28. Intracellular proteolysis (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * Which factors influence the rate of degradation? * How are intracellular proteins degraded in eukaryotes? * How are endocytosed proteins degraded? == Intracellular protein degradation == Proteins in the cell are broken down constantly. To not waste resources, they should be recycled as much as possible. The rate at which proteins are degraded varies greatly. ''Ornithine decarboxylase'' for example has a half-life of only 11 minutes. A prote...") Tag: Visual edit
15:18, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Ubiquitination.png
15:18, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Ubiquitination.png
15:17, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 27. Protein targeting and vesicular transport of proteins (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * How are proteins targeted for the various organelles? * Describe protein targeting to ER * Describe protein targeting to the nucleus * Describe protein targeting to the mitochondria * Describe protein targeting to the peroxisomes * Describe protein targeting to the lysosomes * Describe protein targeting of transmembrane proteins * What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? * Describe clathrin-mediated endocytosis == Protein targeting == Proteins...") Tag: Visual edit
15:17, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Types of transmembrane proteins.png
15:17, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Types of transmembrane proteins.png
15:16, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Transmembrane protein signal sequences.png
15:16, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Transmembrane protein signal sequences.png
15:15, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 26. Protein folding, chaperones (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * What are the four levels of protein structure? * Why is protein folding a spontaneous process? * What are chaperones? * What are heat shock proteins? * What is the GroEL/GroES complex? * What are nucleoplasmins? * Which enzymes are involved in protein folding? * How is cystic fibrosis related to protein folding? == Protein structure == Proteins are synthesized as one-dimensional polypeptide chains, but end up as three-dimensional. This proce...") Tag: Visual edit
15:15, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Protein folding thermodynamics.png
15:15, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Protein folding thermodynamics.png
15:14, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 25. Protein synthesis 2. Regulation, posttranslational modifications (Created page with "== Learning objectives == * Why should protein synthesis be strictly regulated? * Why is eIF2 a good target for regulation? * Which factors regulate the activity of eIF2? * How do RBCs utilize eIF2 regulation? * How do virally infected cells utilize eIF2 regulation? * Why is eIF4E a good target for regulation? * Which factors regulate the activity of eIF4E? * How does insulin regulate protein synthesis? * What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides like streptomy...") Tag: Visual edit
15:13, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Activation of insulin.png
15:13, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Activation of insulin.png
15:12, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 24. Protein synthesis 1. Participants and mechanism (Created page with "== Summary == * Describe the genetic code * What are the functions of the different parts of tRNA? * What is wobble and how does it work * What is the function of ''aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase''? * Which factors contribute to the high accuracy of protein synthesis? * What is the “second genetic code”? * Describe the structure and types of ribosomes * In which direction is the polypeptide chain synthesized? * What are the five steps of protein synthesis? * Which steps...") Tag: Visual edit
15:12, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Wobble2.png
15:12, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Wobble2.png
15:11, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Wobbling.png
15:11, 15 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Wobbling.png